Download The International Linear Collider and the future of Accelerator Based

The International Linear Collider
and the Future of Accelerator-based
Particle Physics
ILC
Barry Barish
Caltech
Lomonosov Conference 20-Aug-2015
Exploring the Terascale
the tools
 The LHC
» It is leading the way and has large reach
» Quark-quark, quark-gluon and gluongluon collisions at 0.5 - 5 TeV
» Broadband initial state
 A Lepton Collider (e.g. ILC or ?)
» A second view with ‘high precision’
» Electron-positron collisions with fixed
energies
» Well defined initial state
 Together, these two types of accelerators are
our tools for uncovering physics at the
terascale
20 Aug 15 Barry Barish
Lomonosov Conference
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Why Linear?
cost
Circular
Collider
Linear
Collider
R
Synchrotron
Radiation
~ 200 GeV
DE ~ (E4 /m4 R)
Energy
< 5 nm vertical
• Low emittance (high brightness) machine optics
• Contain emittance growth
• Squeeze the beam as small as possible at collision point
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A Global Initiative for an ILC
International Committee for
Future Accelerators (ICFA)
representing major particle
physics laboratories
worldwide.
 Chose ILC accelerator
technology (SCRF)
 Determined ILC physics
design parameters
 Formed Global Design
Effort and Mandate
(TDR)
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Lab-driven R&D Programs
 Room temperature
copper structures (KEK
and SLAC)
OR
 Superconducting RF
cavities (DESY)
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ITRP in Korea
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GDE -- Design a Linear Collider
pre-accelerator
few GeV
source
KeV
damping
ring
few GeV
few GeV
bunch
compressor
250-500 GeV
main linac
extraction
& dump
final focus
IP
collimation
Superconducting RF
Main Linac
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ILCSC/ICFA Parameters Studies
physics driven input
Key Parameters
∫
» Luminosity  Ldt = 500 fb-1 in 4 years
» Ecm adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV
» Ability to scan between 200 and 500 GeV
» Energy stability and precision below 0.1%
» Electron polarization of at least 80%
Options
– The machine must be upgradeable to 1 TeV
– Positron polarization desirable as an upgrade
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1.3 GHz Superconducting Cavities




solid niobium
standing wave
9 cells
operated at 2K (LHe)
 35 MV/m
 Q0 ≥ 1010
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Lomonosov Conference
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The Quest for High Gradient
ILC
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Progress in Cavity Gradient Yield
Production yield:
94 % at > 28 MV/m,
Average gradient:
37.1 MV/m
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Lomonosov Conference
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Cryomodule Construction
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The Proposed International Linear Collider
Damping Rings
Polarised
electron source
Ring to Main Linac
(RTML)
(inc. bunch compressors)
not too scale
Polarised
positron
source
e- Main Linac
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Beam Delivery
System (BDS)
& physics
detectors
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e+ Main Linac
Beam dump
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Central Region
 5.6 km region around IR
 Systems:
Central
Region
»
»
»
»
»
»
electron source
positron source
beam delivery system
RTML (return line)
IR (detector hall)
damping rings
common
tunnel
 Complex and crowded area
Damping Rings
detector
e+ main beam dump
RTML return line
e- BDS muon shild
e+ source
e- BDS
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Damping Rings
Circumference
Energy
RF frequency
Beam current
Store time
Trans. damping
time
Arc Cell
Extracted
Arc
Cell
emittance
Magnets pre-assembled on I-Beam and transported into DR
(normalised)
Part I I - system
T he I L C Baseline
Reference
8.2. DR
Lattice descr iption
I-beam
used inpre-assembled
Arcs, Wiggleron
Section,
Chicane
Magnets
I-Beam
and transported into
Allows for most
alignment
takeinplace
I-beam
system to
used
Arcs,outside
Wigglertunnel
Section, Chicane
No. cavities
Allows
for ed
most
alignment
to Fig.
take 8.2b.
place outside tunnel
elect ron ring
as indicat
in Fig.
8.2a and
Total voltage
RF power /
coupler
Positron ring (upgrade)
3.2
5
650
390
200 (100)
24 (13)
ms
x
5.5
mm
y
20
nm
10 (12)
14 (22)
MV
176 (272)
kW
No.wiggler
54
magnets
Total length
m
Values in () are 113
for 10-Hz mode
wiggler
Wiggler field
1.5 (2.2)
T
Electron ring (baseline)
Positron ring (baseline)
Beam power
1.76 (2.38) MW
Many similarities to
(a)
(b)
modern 3rd-generation
Arc
quadrupole
section
Dipole
section
Three ring optional upgrade shown
Figure 8.2: Damping ring arc magnet layout wit h posit ron ring at t he bot t om light
and
sources
elect ron ring direct ly above. A second posit ron ring would be placed above t he elect ron
Three ring optional upgrade shown
April 24, 2012
km
GeV
MHz
mA
ms
4
April 24, 2012
20 Aug
15if required:
Barry Barish
Lomonosov
Conference
ring
arc a) quadrupole sect ion layout
and b) dipole
sect ion layout .
4
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Positron Source (central region)
to Damping Ring
not to scale!
Photon
collimator
(pol. upgrade)
aux. source (500 MeV)
Pre-accelerator
(125-400 MeV)
Energy
comp. RF
SCRF booster
(0.4-5 GeV)
Target
Flux concentrator
spin rotation
solenoid
150-250 GeV
e- beam
photon
dump
SC helical undulator
Capture RF
(125 MeV)
e- dump
150-250 GeV
e- beam to BDS





located at exit of electron Main
Linac
147m SC helical undulator
driven by primary electron beam
(150-250 GeV)
produces ~30 MeV photons
converted in thin target into e+epairs
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Lomonosov Conference
polarisation
yield e+/e-
yield = 1.5
16
Beam Delivery System
Geometry ready for TeV upgrade
e+ source
e- BDS
Electron Beam Delivery System
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Lomonosov Conference
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Final Focus R&D: ATF2 @ KEK
Test bed for ILC final focus optics
-
strong focusing and tuning (37 nm)
beam-based alignment
stabilisation and vibration (fast feedback)
instrumentation
IP beam size
monitor
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Lomonosov Conference
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ILC/TDR – 500 GeV Parameters
Physics
Beam
(interaction
point)
Beam
(time structure)
Accelerator
(general)
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Max. Ecm
Luminosity
Polarisation (e-/e+)
dBS
500 GeV
1.8×1034 cm-2s-1
80% / 30%
4.5%
sx / sy
sz
gex / gey
bx / by
bunch charge
574 nm / 6 nm
300 mm
10 mm / 35 nm
11 mm / 0.48 mm
2×1010
Number of bunches / pulse
1312
Bunch spacing
554 ns
Pulse current
5.8 mA
Beam pulse length
727 ms
Pulse repetition rate
5 Hz
Average beam power
Total AC power
(linacs AC power
Lomonosov Conference
10.5 MW (total)
163 MW
107 MW)
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Interaction Region - Detectors
Saturday 17.10 Keisuke Fujii (KEK)
ILC physics, detectors and status of ILC project in Japan
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Lomonosov Conference
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Lepton Colliders Alternatives
ILC < 1 TeV
Technically possible
~ 2025 +
ILC
QUAD
QUAD
POWER EXTRACTION
STRUCTURE
Drive beam - 95 A, 300 ns
from 2.4 GeV to 240 MeV
CLIC
ACCELERATING
STRUCTURES
Main beam – 1 A, 200 ns
from 9 GeV to 1.5 TeV
BPM
Muon Collider
Muon Collider
< 4 TeV
FEASIBILITY??
Much longer timescale
Much R&D Needed
• Neutrino Factory R&D +
• bunch merging
• much more cooling
• etc
20 Aug 15 Barry Barish
CLIC < 3 TeV
Feasibility?
Longer timescale
Lomonosov Conference
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Lepton and Hadron Colliders’ History and
China Accelerator based High Energy
Physics Development in the Future
CEPC+SppC
CEPC: Ecm=240GeV e+e- Circular Collider
SppC: Ecm=50-100TeV pp Collider
LC
CEPC+SppC will be constructed with
international collaboration and participation
HIEPAF: High Intensity Electron
BEPC
BEPC II
Positron Accelerator Facility
History of BEPC and BEPC II
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CEPC/SppC Layout
e+
e-
IP1
LTB
High Energy Booster(7.2Km)
BTC
Medium Energy Booster(4.5Km)
Low Energy Booster(0.4Km)
IP4
e+ e- Linac
(240m)
Proton Linac
(100m)
BTC
IP3
IP2
LTB : Linac to Booster
BTC : Booster to Collider Ring
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Lomonosov Conference
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The Long Range Future of
Accelerator Based Particle Physics?
Future of Accelerators (eliminate materials!)
Plasma/Laser
Wakefield Acceleration
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Lomonosov Conference
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Compact Acceleration
50 GeV/meter has been achieved
FFTB at SLAC
FACET at SLAC
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Controlling the beams
LBNL
Reducing
energy spread
to ~ percent level
Reducing
angular divergence
(< 1 degree)
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Lomonosov Conference
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Conclusions
The International Linear Collider
• Strong Science Motivation: Higgs, Top physics ++
• Mature Technology; Well-reviewed Technical Design
• Japan to host ??? 2025 +
Other Options
• CLIC -- ~ 2-3 Tev R&D? power consumption? 2030 +
• Muon Collider R&D??? 2035 +
• CEPC/SppC Large Ring in China 2035
Long Range Possibilities
• Laser-driven or Beam-driven Plasma-Wakefield Accelerator
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Lomonosov Conference
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