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SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
Supplemental Movie 1. Three-dimensional (3D) movie showing functional and non-functional
vessels within normal-colored wood of specimen 712-5 visualized by CLSM. The functional
vessels contain red dye deposited at cell walls and intervessel pits. Non-functional vessels are
filled with phenolics (blue color) or are empty but do not contain the dye. Phenolic depositions
are also seen within fibers and ray cells but their quantity appears less than in brown wood (see
Supplemental Figs. S3 and S4). The image is a maximum intensity projection of 12 optical
sections at 1 µm intervals and the same band-pass filters combination as in Fig. 3C (for viewing,
loop movie or turn repeat on). Objective lens Plan-Neofluar 40x/0.75.
Supplemental Movie 2. Control plant perfused with acid fuchsin solution. A 3D movie by
CLSM of the same sample as in Fig. 3A. The image is a maximum intensity projection of 50
optical sections at 2 µm intervals and band-pass filters (BP 420-480; BP 505-530; BP 550-625).
Supplemental Movie 3. Poplar with severely down-regulated lignin biosynthesis, specimen 7122. A 3D movie by CLSM of the same sample as in Fig. 3B. The functional vessels have empty
lumens and contain red dye deposited at cell walls. Non-functional vessels are filled with
phenolics (blue-green color) or collapsed (see also Supplemental Fig. S4). Parenchyma cells of
the pith as well as xylem ray cells are also filled with phenolics. Maximum intensity projection
image of 63 optical sections at 2 µm intervals and the same BP filters as in Figure S2.
Supplemental Movie 4. Non-conductive wood (sample 712-2). Most of the cells contain
phenolics (green-blue color). The arrow points to a collapsed vessel element which is devoid of
phenolics. 3-D movie showing an extended focus image of 15 optical sections at 1 µm intervals
by CLSM. The sample preparation and band-pass filters for confocal microscopy are the same as
in Fig. 3E.
Supplemental Figure. A phloroglucinol – HCl test (Wiesner reaction) for visualization of
lignified cell walls in low-lignin poplar wood (specimen 712-2). Red-violet coloration indicates
normally lignified wood and yellowish color indicates low-lignin wood. The low-lignin wood
was found within the brown wood patches of the low-lignin events. Note the occurrence of
tyloses within vessels of the low-lignin wood (arrow). Scale bar = 20 µm.
Supplemental Movie 5. Tyloses in vessels in non-conductive wood of specimen 671-10. A 3D
movie by CLSM of the same sample as in Fig. 4C.