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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chapter 13
BASIC OVERVIEW:
Endocrine vs. Exocrine
 Paracrine – nearby cells


Prostaglandins
Autocrine – affect itself
 Function:
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Help Control Homeostasis
Slower than Nervous System
 Negative Feedback

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Hormones – Chemical Messengers
Released into blood
 Only affect target cells
 Specific proteins in membrane

PITUITARY GLAND

Anterior Pituitary

Controlled by Hypothalamus Hormones (releasing
hormones)

Hypophoseal Portal Veins
Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
 Gonadotropins: Leutinizing Hormone, Follicle
Stimulating Hormone
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
Posterior Pituitary
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Neurosecretory Cells of Hypothalamus
Anti-diuretic Hormone (vasopressin) – H2O
conservation
Oxytocin – Uterus contraction (labor)
OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Thyroid
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Parathyroid
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Metabolism (BMR)
Thyroxine + Triiodothryonine
Calcitonin
Posterior side
PTH – bone resorption
Adrenal
Top of the kidneys
 Medulla  Adrenaline (epinephrine) +
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)


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Fight or flight
Cortex  Aldosterone + Cortisol
OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Pancreas: glucose
glycogen
Islets of Langherans
 Beta Cells  Insulin  lower blood sugar
 Alpha cells  glucagon  increase blood sugar
 Delta Cells  Somatostatin
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Pineal Gland
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Thymus  Immunity
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Melatonin + circadian rythms
Shrinks after childhood
Testes, ovaries + placenta
Sex hormones – secondary sex characteristics
 Pregnancy test - hcg
