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Types of Transport Across Cell Membranes Chapter 8 copyright cmassengale 1 1. Simple Diffusion • Requires NO energy • Molecules move from area of HIGH to LOW concentration copyright cmassengale 2 DIFFUSION Diffusion is a PASSIVE process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move copyright cmassengale 3 Diffusion of Liquids copyright cmassengale 4 2. Osmosis • Diffusion of water across a membrane • Moves from HIGH water potential (low solute) to LOW water potential (high solute) Diffusion across a membrane copyright cmassengale Semipermeable membrane 5 Cell in Isotonic Solution Cell stays the same size 10% NaCL 90% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL 10% NaCL 90% H2O copyright cmassengale NO NET MOVEMENT 6 Cell in Hypotonic Solution Cell Swells 10% NaCL 90% H2O CELL 20% NaCL 80% H2O cmassengale Water moves intocopyright the cell 7 Cell in Hypertonic Solution cell shrinks 15% NaCL 85% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL 5% NaCL 95% H2O ?Water comes out of the cell copyright cmassengale 8 Isotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Cell swells copyright cmassengale Hypertonic Solution Cell shrinks 9 Osmosis in Red Blood Cells Isotonic Hypotonic copyright cmassengale Hypertonic 10 3. Facilitated diffusion Doesn’t require energy Uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration Examples: Glucose or amino acids moving from blood into a cell. copyright cmassengale 11 Facilitated Diffusion Molecules will randomly move through the pores in Channel Proteins. copyright cmassengale 12 Facilitated Diffusion • Some Carrier proteins do not extend through the membrane. • They bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer and release them on the opposite side. copyright cmassengale 13 4. Active Transport Requires energy or ATP Moves materials from LOW to HIGH concentration AGAINST concentration gradient copyright cmassengale 14 5. Exocytosis-Cells get rid of substances Example: Glands secreting Gland forming vesicle to get rid of a secretion. copyright cmassengale 15 6. Endocytosis: cell takes in substances. Example of endocytosis- White blood cell takes in bacteria to destroy copyright cmassengale 16 Endocytosis – Phagocytosis Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles Called “Cell Eating” copyright cmassengale 17 copyright cmassengale 18 Phagocytosis About to Occur (This is a white blood cell) copyright cmassengale 19 Phagocytosis - Capture of a Yeast Cell (yellow) by Membrane Extensions of a White Blood Cell (blue) copyright cmassengale 20
