Download medicine microbiology examine questions

Medical microbiology examine questions
I. History of microbiology. Morphology of microorganisms.
I. L. Pasteur - founder of microbiology as a science. Influence of Pasteur Works for development of medical
microbiology.
2.The Works of R. Koch and their importance for practical microbiology and infectious pathology.
3. E. Metchnikoff and his theory of immunity (theory of phagocytosis).
4. D.Ivanovsky and his discovery. Science of virusology.
5.Principle of classification of bacteria. Species. Pure culture. Strain. Clon.
6.Light microscope. Construction. Principles. Studies of microorganisms in luminescent-,phase- contrast, and darkfield microscopy.
7.Simple and difficult methods of microbes staining. Principles of staining by Gramm, Ziehl-Neelsen, Neisser,
Romanowsky-Giemsa and using this methods.
8.Structure of bacterial cell: envelop, nucleoid, cytoplasm, capsuls, spores, inclusions, flagells. Chemical composition
of bacteria. Groups of bacteria.
9.Morphology and ultrastructure of fungi. Pathogenic representatives.
10.Morphology of protozoa. Principles of classification.
11.Morphological and biological features of viruses. Principles of classification.
12. Structure and Chemical composition of viruses.
13.Bacteriophage: structure, features, application.
II. Physiology of microorganisms. Genetics of microorganisms.
14.Types and mechanism of microbial feeding (nutrition).
15.Bacterial breathing and types of respiration.
16.Growth and fission of bacteria (generation time, growth curve, etc.)
17.Fermentative activity of microbes (methods for studies of enzymes)
18. Main principles of the cultivation of microorganisms. Artificial nutrition media, it classification.
19. Methods isolation of pure culture of aerobes and anaerobes.
20. Nutrition media for cultivation microorganisms.
21. Methods of sterilization and desinfection. Devices.
22. Antagonism of microbes. Antibiotics.
23.Antibiotics. Classification. Mechanism of action of antibacterial drugs. Complications.
24.Mechanisms of drugs resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. Methods of avoidance.
25.Methods definition of microbial susceptibility to antibiotics.
26.Methods of virus cultivation. Virus  host cell interaction. Types of interaction.
27.Bacteriophages. Their interaction with bacteria. Replication. Lytic and lysogenic cycles.
28.Bacterial plasmides, Their functions and properties. The use of plasmides in genetic engeneering.
29.Influence of environmental factors on microbes.
30.Distribution and role of microbes in nature.
III. Infection and immunity
32.Normal microflora of human body and it role. Eubiotics preparations.
33.Difinition (term) of infections, infectious process, infectious disease. Condition of development of infectious
processes.
34.Interaction between microorganisms. Forms of symbiosis.
35.Forms of symbiosis. Commensalism, mutualism, parasitism.
36.Pathogenicity and virulence of microbes. Qualitative definition of virulence.
37.Parasites,commensal parasites, saprophytes. Pathogenic microbes.
38.Main features of pathogenic microbes (specificity, pathogenicity, virulence, toxicity)
39.Microbial toxins. ( exo - and endotoxins) Their properties and chemical composition.
40.Role of microorganisms in infectious processes. (susceptibility, doze of infection, port of entry etc.)
41.The dynamics of the development of the infectious process. Carrier state.
42. Forms of infections. Definitions for: reinfection, superinfection, relapse, mixed infection etc.
43. Definition of immunity. Types and Forms of immunity.
44.Species and acquired immunity. Natural and artificial.
45.Non - specific resistance. Metchnicov's theory of phagocytosis.
46.Cells of immune system.( Immunocompetent cells) T - and B - lymphocytes, macrophages; cooperative interaction
of immunocompetent cells.
47.Complement, it's structure, function, pathways of activation. Role in immune response.
48.Structure and properties of immunoglobulins. Classes and types of immunoglobulins.
49.Antigenes: definitions, common properties. Antigenes of bacterial cell.
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50.Antibodies. Their production. Primary and secondary immune response.
51.The knowledge allergy and anaphylaxis about.
52. Hypersensitivity and it types. Mechanism of it appearance and clinics.
53. The estimate of immune status macroorganisms (of human). The methods of difinition.
54. Reactions of agglutinations. Components, mechanism, methods of performing. The applying.
55. Reaction of passive (nondirect) haemoagglutination and latex-agglutination. Components, mechanism, methods of
applying.
56. Reaction of complement fixing.
57. Reaction of neutralization of toxin by antitoxins
58. Reaction of lysis. Components, mechanism, methods of performing. The applying.
59. Reaction of immunofluorscense. Components, mechanism, methods of performing. The applying
60. Serological reaction, which can be used for diagnostics of viral infections.
61. The peculiarity of immunity against viruses.
62. Vaccines, definition, classification, applying.
63. Anatoxines (toxoides), producing, applying.
64. Serotherapy of infectious diseases. Antitoxic serums. Preparations of immunoglobulines.
65. Reactions of precipitation. Variants. Applying.
IV. Special microbiology.
66. Microbiologic methods of diagnostics of infectious diseases.
67. Pathogenic cocci. Infectious processes which are caused by staphylococci. Microbiological diagnostics.
68. Streptococci, taxonomy, microbiological diagnostics of streptococcus diseases.
69. Meningococci. Characteristics. Form of infection. Microbiological diagnostics.
70. Gonococci. Microbiological diagnostics of gonorrhoea.
71. Enteric fever and Paratyphoid causative agent. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agent. Pathogenesis.
Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic, prophylactic and treatment preparations.
72. Dysentery. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic,
prophylactic and treatment preparations.
73.Salmonellae. - Causative agent of food Toxicoinfections. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents.
Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic preparations.
74. Causative agents of Whooping Cough. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis.
Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic, prophylactic and treatment preparations.
75. Causative agents of Cholera. Taxonomy. Characteristic of biovariants. Toxins - productions. Pathogenesis.
Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic, prophylactic and treatment preparations.
76. Helicobacter. Characteristics. Participation in pathogenesis of gastric - intestinal disturbances.
Microbiological methods of discovery.
77. Campylobacter. Common characteristics. Factors of pathogenicity. Methods of diagnostics. Prophylactic and
treatment.
78. Causative agent of Siberian sore (Antrax). Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis.
Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
79. Causative agent of Plague. Taxonomy. Characteristic. Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic and
treatment preparations. The Specific rules of working with Plague.
80. Causative agent of Tularemia. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
81. Causative agent of Brucellosis. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations
82. Causative agent of gas gangrene. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
83. Causative agent of tetanus. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
84. Causative agent of botulism. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
85. Causative agent of diphtheriae. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Toxins production.
Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
86. Causative agent of Tuberculosis. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
87. Causative agent of Leprosy. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological
diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
88. Causative agent of Syphilis. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological
diagnostics. Treatment.
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89. Frambesia (Jaws), Bejel. Characteristic of causative agents Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics. Treatment.
90. Causative agents of Relapsing Fever. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis..
Microbiological diagnostics.
91. Causative agent of Lyme diseases. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agent. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological
diagnostics.
92. Causative agent of Leptospirosis. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological
diagnostics.
93. Causative agent of epidemic Typhus Fever(Spotted), Brill's diseases. Taxonomy. Characteristic. Pathogenesis..
Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
94. Causative agent of Q-fever. Taxonomy. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment
preparations.
95. Causative agents of Chlamidiosis. Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics.
96. Causative agents of Ornithosis Taxonomy. Characteristic of causative agents. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics.
97. Causative agent of Trachoma. Characteristic of causative agent. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological diagnostics.
98. Causative agent of dermatomycosis (favus, microsporosis, trichophytosis, epidermophytosis). Taxonomy.
Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics. Diagnostic and treatment preparations.
99. Causative agents of Malariae. Cycles of development of plasmodium. Clinical forms of the diseases. Pathogenesis..
Microbiological diagnostics. Treatment.
100. Causative agents of Tryponasomosis. Morphology of Causative agents. Cycles of development of Trypanosomes.
Microbiological diagnostics.
101. Causative agents of Amoebiasis. Taxonomy.. Morphology of Causative agents. Cycles of development of
Amoebas. Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics.
102. Causative agents of Leishmaniasis. Taxonomy.. Morphology and cycles of development of causative agents.
Pathogenesis .Microbiological diagnostics.
103. Causative agents of Toxoplasmosis. Taxonomy.. Morphology. Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics.
Treatment and prophylaxis.
104. Causative agents of Balantidiasis. Taxonomy. Morphology of Causative agent. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics and treatment.
105. Causative agents of Lambliosis. Taxonomy.. Morphology of Causative agent. Pathogenesis. Microbiological
diagnostics and treatment.
106. Causative agents of Smallpox. Taxonomy. Characteristics of virus. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological diagnostics.
and prophylaxis.
107. Causative agents of Rabies. Taxonomy. Characteristics . Pathogenesis. Microbiological diagnostics. and
prophylaxis.
108. Causative agents of Influenza. Taxonomy. Characteristics of virus. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological diagnostics.
Prophylaxis and treatment.
109. Causative agents of Measles. Taxonomy. Characteristics of virus. Pathogenesis.. Microbiological diagnostics.
Prophylaxis and treatment.
110. Causative agents of Poliomyelitis. Characteristics . Pathogenesis.. Microbiological diagnostics. Specific
prophylaxis .
111. Causative agents of Yellow Fever. Characteristics of virus. Pathogenesis..Diagnostics. Specific prophylaxis .
112. Adenoviruses. Their properties and serological types. The Role of Adenoviruses in pathology of human diseases.
Microbiological diagnostics. Specific prophylaxis .
113. Causative agents of Hepatitis. Taxonomy Pathogenesis Microbiological diagnostics. Specific prophylaxis
114. Human immunodeficiency virus.. Characteristics of virus. Pathogenesis..Diagnostics and prophylaxis
115.Herpesviruses . Pathogenesis. Epidemiology Role of Viruses in the ethiology of cancer diseases.
116. Distribution of microbes in nature. Microflora of the Water.
117. Distribution of microbes in nature. Microflora of the Air.
118. Investigation of sanitary state of environment. Definition of "coli-index".
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