Download 10 11 /s Photo-fission facility at ISAC. operation planned for 2014

North American Perspective
Witold Nazarewicz (UTK, ORNL, UWS)
Jyväskylä COE Advisory Board Meeting
April 23, 2008
National user facilities
Other accelerator facilities
1
National Academy 2007 RISAC Report
BPA Rare Isotope Science Assessment Committee
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bpa/RISAC.html
“Nuclear science is entering a new era of discovery in
understanding how nature works at the most basic
level and in applying that knowledge in useful ways
2007 NSAC Long Range Plan
The Frontiers of Nuclear Science
Exciting opportunities in:
• Nuclear Structure
• Nuclear Astrophysics
• Tests of fundamental symmetries
with rare-isotopes
• Scientific Applications
http://www.sc.doe.gov/np/nsac/docs/Nuclear-Science.Low-Res.pdf
Capabilities
NSAC Rare-Isotope Beam Task Force Report (2007)
http://www.sc.doe.gov/np/nsac/docs/NSACRIB_FinalReport082007_DJ.pdf
ISAC and ISAC-II at TRIUMF, Vancouver
(Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics)
ISAC ISOL facility provides both reaccelerated and stopped beams for RIB physics. The driver
accelerator is a 500 MeV H- cyclotron, which is capable of producing up to 300 A. The first
phase of the project (ISAC-I) is in operation and it uses up to 100 A or 50 kW of beam power
on one of two ISOL targets. Construction of a more powerful postaccelerator utilizing
superconducting RF accelerator cavities for ISAC-II is underway and scheduled for completion
in 2009, which will boost the energy to 6.5 MeV/u for A ≤ 150. In 2006, the ISAC facility
delivered more than 4000 hours of RIBs to experiments with isotopes from 19 different
elements produced for extended periods, and yields measured for many more.
HRIBF at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (DOE User Facility)
Radioactive species are produced by intense light-ion beams from the Oak Ridge Isochronous
Cyclotron and post-accelerated by the 25-MV tandem electrostatic accelerator. More than 175
isotopes have been accelerated and approximately 30 additional species are available as lowenergy (~50 keV) beams. More than 50 post-accelerated beams, including 132Sn, have
intensities of at least 106 s-1. The ability of HRIBF to deliver beams of reaccelerated beams of
neutron-rich fission fragments at energies above the Coulomb barrier is unique, world-wide. A
plan has been developed to improve the RIB production capability by installing a turnkey
electron accelerator capable of delivering a 100 kW electron beam, at an energy in the range of
25 to 50 MeV.
4
NSCL at Michigan State University (NSF User Facility)
The Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) started operation in 2001. The in-flight production
method allows the CCF to be very flexible. From 2001-2006 the facility delivered over 250
different rare-isotope beams; on average 3.5 rare-isotope beams per experiment. Typical
beam energies range from 50–120 MeV/u and experiments with beam energies as low as 5
MeV/u have been performed. Experimental setups can utilize beams from very low (10-5s-1) to
high intensities (108s-1). The NSCL is implementing full capabilities to perform experiments
with reaccelerated beams produced with the gas-stopping technique. This development
includes an advanced concept for a cyclotron gas stopper, an EBIT (Electron Beam Ion Trap)
charge breeder and, in the initial stage, a reaccelerator up to 3 MeV/u. A further upgrade to 12
MeV/u is possible. When completed it will be the first facility in the world that will have the
unique capability of reaccelerated beams produced from in-flight fragmentation.
ATLAS at Argonne National Laboratory (DOE User Facility)
ATLAS delivers about 5500 research hours per year with high reliability when running seven
days per week. Of these, about 1000 hours per year have been radioactive beams in recent
years. These radioactive beams are produced employing two distinct approaches: the twoaccelerator method and the in-flight technique, and the intensities of these beams vary from
about 104s-1 to 6x106s-1 on target. Ongoing upgrades to ATLAS include a project to increase
the energy by about 25%, the Californium Rare-Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) and an
RF beam sweeper to improve rare-isotope beam purity. CARIBU uses fission fragments from
a 1-Ci 252Cf source coupled with a gas catcher and charge breeder. Planned upgrades of
ATLAS include Super CARIBU that will give about 10 times more beam intensity of radioactive
fission-fragment stopped and reaccelerated exotic beams.
Florida State University
Superconducting Accelerator Laboratory is based on a 9 MV FN tandem electrostatic
accelerator with a superconducting linac booster. Unique capabilities include an optically
pumped polarized 6,7Li source and a sputter source dedicated to 14C beam production. The
facility provides in-flight production of radioactive beams with the RESOLUT beamline.
University of Notre Dame
The FN Tandem Pelletron at Notre Dame is used for radioactive beam, nuclear structure and
nuclear astrophysics experiments as well as for a program in radiation chemistry. The
radioactive beam program at NSL is centered on the TwinSol facility which utilizes two
superconducting solenoids to separate radioactive beam products from the primary beam.
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute
TAMU's accelerator is a K500 superconducting cyclotron that can produce a wide variety of
beams: those with intensities of at least 1 enA range in energy up to 70 MeV/u for light ions
and to 12 MeV/u for heavy ions such as U. High-purity secondary beams are produced in the
recoil spectrometer MARS via inverse-kinematics reactions. A plan has been developed to
upgrade the present facility to one that would yield high quality radioactive beams directly
from the K500 superconducting cyclotron. Initial effort will center on production by light-ion (p,
d, alpha) reactions, and will employ a configuration based on the existing IGISOL system at
Jyväskylä. First reaccelerated beam is expected in 2009.
Complementary to these efforts, a number of facilities for stable beams (including 88-inch
Cyclotron Lab at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Triangle Universities Nuclear
Laboratory, U. Washington, and A.W. Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Yale University)
operate extensive programs in nuclear structure and astrophysics.
ISAC III (three parallel RIBs)
7
new p-beam line @ ISAC
Planned (start 2010, if funded), will have significant higher yield than
present ISAC or HIE-ISOLDE with100 kW on target, BUT limited by
worst case scenario calculation. Look for alternative with significantly
reduced inventory build up!
238U(p,X)
Yields
Z
8
N
e-driver @ ISAC
Double peak
distribution
132Sn:
1011/s
138Sn: 106/s
LHg converter
with recirculation
Photo-fission facility at ISAC.
operation planned for 2014 (if funded).
HRIBF wants to use commercial emachine, for 50 kW operation.
9
25MV Tandem
Electrostatic
Accelerator
HRIBF
2008
Injector for Radioactive
Ion Species 1 (IRIS1)
Stable Ion
Injector (ISIS)
Oak Ridge Isochronous
Cyclotron (ORIC)
Enge
Spectrograph
Daresbury Recoil
Separator (DRS)
High Power Target
Laboratory-HPTL:
(IRIS2 2009)
On-Line Test
Facility (OLTF)
Recoil Mass
Spectrometer
(RMS)
Conclusions of extensive e-driver studies

An a electron accelerator with a energy >25 MeV and power in the 50 to
200 kW range makes a remarkably cost-effective high-intensity source of
rare isotopes
– This is an upgrade with a strong neutron-rich physics bias (photo-fission
based)

Can achieve 1013 f/s baseline with ~10kW deposited in UCx target (60 - 50
kW at 25 - 50 MeV)
– Requires Ee ≥ 25 MeV + optimized converter:1.5 - 3 Xo (Ee dep.)
– 3 to 5 times greater than baseline is reasonable expectation
– This level of yield is competitive with any ISOL facility scheduled to produce nrich RIBs before FRIB is on line
– The fact that a 25 MeV facility is feasible increases options

Concept supported by HRIBF SPC, and at eRIB07 workshop

A low-power e-beam driven facility is being implemented at Orsay
Photo-fission yield
Post-accelerated
e-driver @ HRIBF
CARIBU - CAlifornium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade @ ANL
• 252Cf fission yield is complementary to uranium fission
• Provides access to unique, important areas of the N/Z plane
• Significant yield extends into r-process region
238U
fission (HRIBF)
Accelerated yields are ~5% of these numbers
Beyond CARIBU: SUPER – CARIBU
 Increase available beam intensities by a factor of ~10 by:
– doubling the 252Cf source strength to 2 Ci
– building a 1+ injector for ATLAS (this is the AEBL post-accelerator injector)
– considering 254Cf as an alternative for operation a fraction of the time
– providing space for a significant stopped-beam program
TPC : $ 53 M
NSCL Reaccelerator Project
Energy range 300 keV/u –3 MeV/u,
upgradable to 12 MeV/u
•
•
•
LEBT with multi-harmonic buncher
Radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ)
Superconducting linac
•
•
•
•
80 MHz l/4 resonators bopt= 0.041 and bopt= 0.085
Superconducting solenoids for focusing
NSCL-RIA design
HEBT with rebuncher
Overall Layout showing space for possible
equipment
Laser spectroscopy
Beam energies of 200 keV/u to
3 MeV/u for astrophysical
studies
e.g. 30P(p,g)31Si relevance to Si
yields from novae: 4x105 30P/s
LEBIT
MONA
ECRs
K1200
K500
A1900
Gas Stopping
RF separator
S800
Capabilities for fast, stopped, and re-accelerated beams ( in 2010)
Re-accelerator status
• EBIT charge breeder + Q/A separator
– Simulations to maximize acceptance, breeding performance ongoing
– Mechanical design underway
– Construction of non-critical components started
– First tests in 2009
• LINAC (< 3.2 MeV/u)
– End-to-end optics design performed
– RT-RFQ ordered
– long-lead items ordered, cavity constr. started, refinements of cryostat design
– Construction of mezzanine for reaccelerator – spring 2008
– Commissioning in 2010
• Experimental area + equipment
– Nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics workshops
– Discussion about equipment for first experiments ongoing - TPC workshop
Goal: First reaccelerated beams within < 3 years
Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
The NSF Physics Frontier Center at the University of
Notre Dame, Michigan State University, the
University of Chicago, and Argonne National
Laboratory
Theory
Institute for Nuclear Theory (DOE)
Seattle, University of Washington
Theory
Connections to computational science
1Teraflop=1012 flops
1peta=1015 flops (next 2-3 years)
1exa=1018 flops (next 10 years)
http://www.top500.org/
challenge: utilize leadership class computers
Universal Nuclear Energy Density Functional
•Funded (on a
competitive basis) by
•Office of Science
•ASCR
•NNSA
•15 institutions
• ~50 researchers
•physics
•computer science
•applied mathematics
• foreign
collaborators
• annual budget $3M
• 5 years
…unprecedented
theoretical effort !
http://unedf.org/
Perspectives
Funding Opportunity Announced for Establishment of U.S.
Facility for Radioactive Ion Beams
The Department of Energy's Office of Science/Nuclear Physics Program has posted
a draft Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for the conceptual design and
establishment of a U.S. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB).
"We have waited a long time for this step forward and it is gratifying to see our
project making progress in these financially difficult times," said Kim Lister and
Thomas Glasmacher, co-chairs of the RIA Users Organization Executive
Committee
Solicitation Description:
The Office of Nuclear Physics (NP) of the Office of Science (SC), U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE), is a research program that proposes to establish a U.S. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
(FRIB) with forefront scientific research capabilities complimentary to existing or planned
facilities world-wide, and to exploit the scientific potential of rare isotope beams as a research
tool for discovery-oriented science. This draft Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is
being released to solicit comments/questions from potential applicants for the conceptual design
and establishment of a FRIB that will meet the criteria described in this FOA. Comments,
questions, and responses will be publicly available on IIPS. The proposed FRIB must be
capable of mounting a world-class scientific research program at the start of operation, and can
be designed, built and commissioned for less than or equal to $550,000,000 in base year (FY
2008) dollars plus escalation. The specifications in the FOA are formed from the recent reports
of the Rare Isotope Beam Task Force of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the
Rare Isotope Science Assessment Committee (RISAC) of the National Research
23
Council.
Funding Opportunity Number: DE-PS02-08ER41535
Radioactive Ion Beam Facilities Timeline
HIE-ISOLDE
ISOLDE
ISAC-II
ISAC-I
SPIRAL2
SPIRAL
FAIR
SIS
RIBF
RARF
NSCL
HRIBF
CARIBU@ATLAS
In Flight
ISOL
Fission+Gas Stopping
FRIB
Beam on target
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020 24
Societal Benefits
Superallowed Fermi 0+ 0+ -decay studies
(testing the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix)
Half-life
new symmetry-breaking corrections:
Q-valuewith
62Ga @ TRIUMF (2006-2008)
with new symmetry-breaking
corrections:
T1/2=116.100(22)ms, BR=99.858(8)%
Branching Ratio
34Ar, 34Cl
@TAMU (2006)
T1/2=843.8(4) ms,1.5268(5)s
38mK
@TRIUMF (2008)
BR=99.967(4)%
• 7 cases (10C,14O,…, 42Sc) measured
46V @ ANL (2005)
Q=7052.90(40) keV
@CPT/APT (ANL)38m
…stay
tuned…
K
46V @ Jyväskylä (2006)
• Advances in isospin mixing calculations
Q=7052.72(31) keV
50Mn,54Co
@Jyväskylä (2007)
Q=7634.48(7), 8244.54(10) keV
26mAl,42Sc
@Jyväskylä (2006)
Q=4232.83(13),6426.13(21) keV
www.phys.utk.edu/witek/Talks/APS08.v5.ppt
End