Download Prostate cancer: deaths by age - HealthStats NSW

Prostate cancer: deaths by age More reports from HealthStats NSW are available at: http://www.healthstats.nsw.gov.au/ HealthStats NSW
4 May 2017
Associated Information for Prostate cancer Key points: Cancer • Cancer is Australia's leading cause of disease burden. It accounts for almost one­fifth of years of healthy life lost due to premature death, disease, and injury. • In NSW in 2008, there were 36,611 new cases of cancer (57% in males) and 13,186 deaths (57% in males). Between 1998 and 2007 the incidence rate for all cancers rose by 11% in males, but was stable in females. Death rates fell by 12.9% in males and 6.4% in females between 1998 and 2007. • In 2008 in NSW the five leading types of new cases of cancer in descending order were: • prostate cancer • colorectal cancer • breast cancer • melanoma • lung cancer. • However in 2007 in NSW: • lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death • colorectal cancer was the second leading cause of cancer death • prostate cancer was the third leading cause of cancer death • breast cancer was the fourth cause of cancer death • melanoma was the eighth leading cause of cancer death. • A bowel (colorectal) cancer screening program commenced in NSW in August 2006. • Cervical cancer cases and deaths decreased between 1998 and 2007 and in 2008 it was the fourteenth most common female cancer. It can be prevented through the early detection of precancerous lesions by two­yearly Pap tests of women aged 20­69 years. The percentage of eligible women who had their Pap test by December 2010 was 56.4%. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination can also prevent cervical cancer: almost all cases of cervical cancer are due to HPV infection. HPV also causes cancers in other parts of the body, including the vulva, vagina, penis and anus. • Breast cancer was the most common cancer among females and the second most common cause of cancer death among females. BreastScreen NSW provides a two­yearly mammographic screening service to women aged 50­69 years in NSW, which aims to detect early cases of breast cancer. The percentage of eligible women who had their two­yearly mammogram by December 2013 was 48.3%. Introduction: Cancer Definitions Cancer (that is, malignant neoplasm) is a diverse group of diseases in which abnormal cells proliferate and spread out of control. Cancer can develop from most types of cells in different parts of the body, each with its own pattern of growth and spread. Some cancers are very invasive and invade adjacent organs and spread to other parts of the body (metastasise) quickly, while others may remain in the body for years without showing any clinical symptoms. Benign neoplasms never spread to distant organs. Cancers are classified according to the organ in which they originate (primary site). Even when cancers spread to other organs (secondary cancers or metastases) it is usually possible to ascertain the origin of the malignant cells. Burden of disease from cancer Cancer is a major cause of mortality in Australia and contributes greatly to morbidity and disability. It accounts for 19% of the total burden of disease in Australia (Begg et al. 2007). Cancer incidence in NSW has been increasing for a number of decades. As in other regions of the developed world, this is due to the ageing of the population and lifestyle changes. The rankings of individual cancers have also changed. In 1972, the four most common cancers in males were lung, colorectal (large bowel), prostate, and stomach; and in females were breast, colorectal, melanoma, and cervical cancers. The 2008 rank order is now prostate, colorectal, melanoma, and lung cancers in males; and breast, colorectal, melanoma, and lung cancers in females. Risk factors Most cancers have a unique set of causal factors, but many share risk factors. These include: smoking (responsible for the majority of preventable cancers); dietary influences; infectious agents; radiation (including ultraviolet radiation); and genetic factors. The most significant risk factor for developing cancer is old age. References B e g g S , V o s T , B a r k e r B . The burden of disease and injury in Australia, 2003. Cat. no. PHE 82 edition. Canberra: AIHW, 2007. Available at: © NSW Ministry of Health 2017
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HealthStats NSW
4 May 2017
http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication­detail/?id=6442467990 Interventions: Cancer Some cancers can be prevented though the avoidance of known risk factors. Risk of death from a number of cancers can be reduced by screening, early detection and treatment, and appropriate management and follow­up (Tracey et al. 2010). The NSW Government established the Cancer Institute NSW in 2003, in recognition of the importance of accelerating improvements in cancer control in NSW. In 2010, the Cancer Institute NSW prepared its third plan, the NSW Cancer Plan 2011­2015, which aims to consolidate the strategic activities for cancer control in NSW including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation services as well as cancer information, education and research (Cancer Institute NSW 2010). The Cancer Institute NSW is responsible for the NSW Pap Test Registry as well as the Central Cancer Registry. In July 2005, the Cancer Institute NSW assumed responsibility for the management of the breast and cervical screening programs and is supporting the staged introduction of bowel cancer screening in NSW, which began in NSW in August 2006. The success of vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is monitored by the Cancer Institute NSW using statistics from its Registries. The HPV vaccine is offered though the School Based Immunisation Program and from GPs. NSW Health runs the program, see http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/immunisation/Pages/schoolvaccination.aspx References Cancer Institute NSW. NSW Cancer Plan 2011­2015. Lessening the impact of cancer in NSW. Sydney: Cancer Institute NSW, 2010. Available at http://www.cancerplan.cancerinstitute.org.au/default.html NSW Ministry of Health. NSW School Vaccination Program. . Available at http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/immunisation/Pages/schoolvaccination.aspx Tracey E, Kerr T, Dobrovic A, Currow D. Cancer In NSW: Incidence and Mortality Report 2008. Sydney: Cancer Institute NSW, 2010. Available at http://www.cancerinstitute.org.au/cancer_inst/publications/CIM2008/CIM_2008_full.pdf For more information: Cancer Useful websites include: Cancer Institute NSW at http://www.cancerinstitute.org.au Australian Bureau of Statistics at http://www.abs.gov.au Australian Institute of Health and Welfare at http://www.aihw.gov.au Healthdirect at http://www.healthdirect.gov.au N e w S o u t h W a l e s G o v e r n m e n t . P u b l i c H e a l t h A c t 1 9 9 1 a n d P u b l i c H e a l t h A c t 2 0 1 0 . Parliamentary Counsel's Office. Available at http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au Copyright notice: This work is copyright NSW Ministry of Health, 2017. It may be reproduced in whole or in part, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source. Commercial usage or sale is prohibited. Suggested citation: Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence. HealthStats NSW. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health. Available at: www.healthstats.nsw.gov.au. Accessed (insert date of access). Produced by: Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence (http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/epidemiology/Pages/default.aspx), Population and Public Health Division, NSW Ministry of Health (http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/). File created: Thursday, 4 May 2017 © NSW Ministry of Health 2017
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