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Group 2: Summary Questions: 1. Future drivers of changes in nutrient management 2. UK and China NM: implications for the world Why do farmers use too much fertilizer? Farmer level: Labor structure changes vs. small household: Most village young people (with a relative good education) usually work in the city to earn money, only old people and ladies stay in the village for farming. Normally, farmers’ income directly from farming is low, and they have to do something else to earn more money. So farmers pay less attention to whether overuse or not due to relatively low profit from small land. Gap between technique and farmer’s demand: Modern agricultural technology is always too complicated for farmers, not match farmers’ demand well. The fertilizer recommendation techniques need to be simplified and adapted to local conditions. If too complicated, farmers don’t like to use it due to limitation of time or labor. Farmers’ behavior is solely productivity-orientated: The only target for the farmers is the high yield, less care to the resource efficiency and environment quality. How to seek a balance between high efficiency (low environment risk) and high yield is very important. Other drivers: Scattered farmer, diversified operation system and changeable climate result in difficult management and high management cost. Farmer’s will is very important, and how to organize them? Governmental level: 1. Extension system: China management system: provincial level, county level, town level, however the extension from the town level down to farmers is very weak. Service system is weak. 2. Support policy: There is no support policy for the income of the farmers; The gap between the farmers’ demand and technical service exist. Lack of related policy for the agricultural environmental protection. China has set up ecological compensation mechanism, however lack of related policy. The government should establish nutrient management manual suitable for different catchment and also need to establish monitoring mechanism. Subsidy is local regulation. Separation of three rights resulted in the improper nutrient management: 所有权 (ownership)、承包权(contract right)、经营权(operation right)三权分裂 Technical level: The technology of nutriment management should be simple, practical, less input and easy to manage for the farmers. Transformation is needed from conventional agriculture to ecological agriculture, linking this with sustainability of grain production and environment. Output: 1. Current and future changes in nutrient management and policy in UK and China 2. Comparison between UK and China NM