Download WWII

Pearl Harbor Attack by Japanese
Roosevelt had placed an embargo on naval goods to Japan in 1940
General Tojo of Japan became Prime Minister in 1941
The most important ships the aircraft carriers and 7 heavy cruisers Only 3 of our battleships
were irrepairable were not in Hawaii so the attack only gave Japan control for 6 months and
2500 Americans killed
Japanese Admiral Nagumo canceled a 3rd wave of bombers refused to find the aircraft
carriers because he feared an American counterattack
Even though the Rusiain joining the British Allies madse Americans reluctant to join the
commies the Japanese actions left us no choice
Japanese Internment Reasons
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Fear of Japanese spies moving among the Japanese American
population without easy detection
Fear of terrorism
To protect Japanese Americans from retaliation for Pearl Harbor
attack by the Japanese
Locations of camps dictated by where the largest Japanese
American populations were located on the West Coast
Most of the camps were on the West Coast where the first Japanese
attacks were feared to hit first
Fear of spies in the heavy industrial build up on the West Coast at
Boeing, Kaiser Steel,
Fear of spies near Navy bases in San Francisco and San Diego
Racial discrimination historically remember the separate Oriental
schools Rossevelt dealt with in the Gentlemen’s Agreement
War Chronology
• We had 1.4 million soldiers, but in one year doubled that in 1942
• Liberty Ships built by Kaiser Steel every 4 ½ days
• Production levels were twice that of Axis Powers like Germany Look
at p 463 in rext on tank production
• Japan took Guam, Hong Kong and the Phillipines from MacArthur
• 78,000 Allied soldiers surrendered at Bataan and then one in 10
died on the Bataan Death March without food
• Doolittle raid killked 50 Japanese in Japan and crashed in China
• May 1942 Battle of Coral Sea was a draw and did not allow the
ships to see one another but it halted the Japanese
Ch 15
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Axis never coordinated war –individual dictator dreams
Hitler wanted to eliminate inferiors and dominate Europe
Mussolini only wanted Eastern Africa
Japanese Prime Minister Tojo wanted Pacific and Asia
Yet Churchill and Roosevelt did not see Japan and Italy as long term
problems like Hitler so Europe First Strategy was Eisenhower’s Allies with
Our biggest Battler General Patton snarled at English General
Montgomery’s selfish short-sightedness
Should we have switched MacArthur and Patton and let Patton loose given
the Japanese atrocities against our troops and civilians? We may have
shortened the Pacific war, dropped the bomb earlier but would Japan today
be the same? Would MacArthur have more influence over his old aide
Eisenhower and be allowed ton play chess with the Russians and prevent
communist years in East Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary?
Why did Churchill and Truman essentially trade Stalin Yugoslavia for
Greece?
• Churchill admitted in his memoirs the real fear
he had was the German U boat packs. They
sunk 3500 ships and kilkled tens of thousands in
Atlantic
• Amrican radar and depth charges in 1943 hit
uboats faster than Germany could manufacture
them and convoys in trhe3 Atlantic first and later
in the Russian Pacific gotr their tactics right in
convoy transport of supplies
Eastern Front
• 3 German Russian fronts Stalingrad,
Moscow and Leningrad turned into
Southern Stalingrad because of cold in 42
and the Caucasian oilfields
• Hitler’s refusal to retreat cost starving
frostbite Germans to surrender Jan 31,
1943
• Then the Soviets went on the offensive
and Hitler lost Europe to the East
Ike
• Pushed west from Algeria and Morocco to join English in Egypt
squeezing German General Rommel out because Ike was not
ready to displace the Germans in France yet. It cost less in supplies
to start in Africa
• Undersupplied Rommel eventually got pulled by Hitler and then
joined the conspiracy to sideline Hitler. Hitler forced Rommel’s
death by suicide before being put on trial
• Look at the Patton quote on p 469 of the text
• Sept 43 Italy surrendered after Invasion by Ike and English and Italy
declared war on Germany
• Germany continued the fight in Southern Italy against the Americans
• Black Tuskegee airmen never lost one of the planes they flew even
though the Allies lost over 18,000 planes to the Axis nearly 30,000
planes lost Allies had a 20% casualty rate
Japanese Yamamoto wanted
Midway and a presence in the
Alaskan Aleutions
• After discovering Japanese plans Midway
was an American victory and American
Admiral Nimitz put the Japanese on
defensive in June 1942
Rosey the Riveter
• Military did not pay enough to support a family on a private pay
• Rosey needed a job and neighbors and relatives took care oif the
kids while mom worked and Dad was at war
• Mexican braceras replaced the rural workforce migrating to fill war
demands
• Black White Race riots happened in Detroit and White sailors
attacked Mexicans in Cal
• Executive Order 9022 setablished areas as war zones from which
persons could be removed Japanese Americans forced to sell
property at a loss and move to internment camps with Whatever
they could carry
• Korematsu SCt case upheld martial law
• Compare WWII $330 billion cost with Iraq Afghanistan trillions
D Day Normandy
• Hitler took the Patton subterfuge and ordered best tanks to Calais
not Normandy
• Churchill had stalled knowing the loss of life involved and hoped the
Russians would continue to do most of the dying
• Hitler ordered Paris destroyed but the generals disobeyed and
Americans celebrated
• Hitler survived a bomb in June, 1944
• Battle of Bulge when airplanes could not help
• Almost stopped the Americans by using American speaking
Germans and confusing signs in Dec 1944
• April 1945 Russians outside Berlin and Americans crossed the
Rhine and Elbe River 50 miles from Berlin
• FDR died before VE Victory in Europe Day May 7, 1945
End
• Navajo Code Talkers
• In single night March 1945 16 sq miles
Tokyo destroyed before atomic bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Aug 1945
• Japan surrendered Sept 1945
• 60 million including civilians died in WWII
• Holocaust
Holocaust
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6 million Jews and 5 million others dead
Superior Aryan White Gentiles, Nordic ans Anglo-Saxons according to Hitler
Compare 1933 Hitler takeover vs Roosevelt in US
Acts of violence common like Kristallnacht
Prior to 1937 only 129,000 Jews fled Austria and Germany – the US was not offering
asylum because of scarce jobs during the depression
600 of the 900 Jewush refugees on the St Louis ocean liner died in concentration
camps because the US would not take them and Cuba took only 22 of 900
Originally only economic boycott Jewish businesses, no civil service or professors,
banking. Stock exchange, law, medicine, journalism jobs
See color codes on p 494 text
Medical experiments and starvation at camps
By 1942 a death plan final solution became organized
By 1943 Ber4muda meeting was held to rescue Jews but no action taken
By 1944 FDR and Eleanor started the War Refugee Board for Hungarians and
Romanians (gypsies)
Demand for an independent homeland and Truman recognized Israel in 1848
Section 5 Effects of the War
• In 1918 Kaiser surrendered before Germany
was invaded but it was in 1945
• At Yalta Stalin agreed to free elections in
Bulgaria, Poland and Romania but reneged and
Japan was still fighting and the Russian invasion
of Japanese Manchuria was important
• Germany divided into Communist and free as
was Berlin Most of Eastern Europe occupied by
Soviets went Communist
• Genl MacArthur wrote a Jap constitution
abolished the military and gave women the right
to vote keeping Emperor at token head
• UN established India ands Pakistan won Independence
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948
• War Crime trials in Nuremburg for Nazis and Tojo and
the general responsible for the Bataan death march
• Israel had their own captures and trials Look at the
deaths listed on p 504 and understand why Russians
wanted reparations from E Germany
• Then look at Chinese numbers even before the
Communist Civil Wars
• 30 POW prisoner labor camps paid Italian and German
captured soldiers for farm labor in Missouri Why
German translators easy to find