Download CHAPTER Nutrition and Digestive Systems 6

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CHAPTER
6
Nutrition and
Digestive Systems
Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Definition of Terms
• Nutrition
– Animal receives a proper and balanced food
and water ration so it can grow, maintain its
body, reproduce, and supply or produce
expected elements
• Nutrient
– Single food or group of foods of the same
general chemical composition that supports
animal life
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Roles of Water
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Support the body’s biochemical reactions
Transport other nutrients
Aid in body temperature maintenance
Help give the body its form
Carry waste from the body
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Importance of Water
• Most important nutrient
– Loss impedes circulation, results in
dehydration, slows body functions
– Carries medications for disease control
• Makes up about 55 to 65 percent of an
animal’s body
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Roles of Proteins
• Develop and repair body organs and
tissues
• Produce milk, wool, and eggs
• Develop the fetus
• Serve as building material for enzymes
and hormones
• Develop antibodies
• Transmit DNA
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Importance of Proteins
• Broken into amino acids during digestion
– Animals must consume essential amino acids
– Ruminants can create all amino acids
• Amino acids contribute to animals’ health
• Function and growth determine animals’
amino acid needs
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Roles of Carbohydrates
• Support bodily functions
• Produce heat to warm the body
• Store fat
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Importance of Carbohydrates
• Converted by animals into energy
• Made of sugars, starches, and crude fiber
– Completely digested sugars and starches are
nitrogen-free extracts
– Crude fiber is mostly non-digestible bulk
or roughage
• Large amounts of crude fiber better
handled by some animals (ruminants)
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Roles of Fats
• Provide energy
• Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
• Provide fatty acids
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Importance of Fats
• Contain 2.25 times as much energy as
equivalent amount of carbohydrates
and proteins
• Essential in the diet, though at less than
3 percent
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Roles of Vitamins
• Regulate digestion, absorption,
and metabolism
• Develop normal vision, bone, and
external body coverings
• Regulate body glands
• Form new cells
• Fight disease and strengthen
simmune system
• Develop and maintain nervous system
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Importance of Vitamins
• Needed for specific biochemical reactions,
though in very small amounts
• Vitamin examples
– A: Prevents poor vision, respiratory ailments,
digestive problems
– E: Important for reproduction
– B12: Essential for normal growth, reproduction,
and blood formation
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Importance of Macrominerals
• Needed in the largest amounts
• Examples
– Calcium: Needed for bone, teeth, and
eggshell formation; normal blood coagulation;
milk production
– Potassium: Helps maintain osmotic pressure,
activates enzymes, helps regulate heartbeat
– Sodium: Serves as chief cation of blood
plasma and other extracellular fluids
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Importance of Microminerals
• Needed in low or trace amounts
• Examples
– Iron: Needed for hemoglobin formation
– Iodine: Important in thyroxin production
– Zinc: Needed for the body’s immune system
– Selenium: Crucial for vitamin E absorption
and use
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Types of Animal Digestion
• Ruminant
– “Forage consuming” or “multi-stomached”
– Examples include farm and zoo animals
• Nonruminant
– “Single-stomached” or “mono-gastric”
– Examples include all small animals in book
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Ruminant Digestive System
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Non-ruminant Digestive System
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