Download Research and Writing EXAM DATE: TUESDAY 4 th APRIL 2017 TIME

PAN AFRICA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF:
BACHELORS OF ARTS IN BIBLE AND THEOLOGY
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN COUNSELING
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS LEADERSHIP
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
JANUARY – APRIL 2017
CAMPUS: ROYSAMBU
DEPARTMENT: COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGES
COURSE CODE: UCC103
COURSE TITLE: Research and Writing
EXAM DATE: TUESDAY 4th APRIL 2017
TIME: 5.30PM-8.30PM
INSTRUCTIONS
 This exam script contains FIVE (5) Questions.
 Answer question ONE which is compulsory and any other
TWO questions.
 Write your STUDENT NUMBER in the Answer Booklet given
1
Q1: Critical Reading and Documentation
(20 marks)
Cancer, also known as a malignant tumor, is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth
with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous;
benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include: a
new lump, abnormal bleeding, a prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in
bowel movements, among others. While these symptoms may indicate cancer they may also
occur due to other issues. There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.
Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, a poor
diet, lack of physical activity, and drinking alcohol. Other factors include certain infections,
exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental pollutants. In the developing world, nearly
20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human papillomavirus.
These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically many such genetic
changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to
genetic defects inherited from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and
symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and
confirmed by biopsy.
Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains,
eating less meat and refined carbohydrates, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, minimizing
sunlight exposure, and being vaccinated against certain infectious diseases. Early detection
through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast
cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy,
surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important
part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in those with advanced disease. The chance
of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In
children under 15, the survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the
United States the average survival rate is 66%.
In 2012, about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally. It caused about 8.2 million
deaths or 14.6% of all human deaths. The most common types of cancer in males are lung
cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and stomach cancer, and in females, the most common
types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. Skin cancer is not
included in these statistics and if it were, it would account for at least 40% of cases. In children,
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where nonHodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012 about 165,000 children of less than 15 years of
age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many
cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live
to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of
cancer have been estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010.
The article is published by Makerere university, Medical School in Uganda in their 2010,
volume 2 Issue 2 journal entitled, journal of African Health Sciences . The authors are;
Kaye,D. K., Mirembe, F., Ekstrom, A. M., Bantebya, G. ,K., & Johansson A.
2
i) With a reason, identify a target population for this passage
ii) Show how the writer appeals to each of the following in the passage:
(2 marks)
(6marks)
a) Ethos
b) Logos
iii) Giving justification, identify the claim the writer has advanced in this passage. (2marks)
iv) Paraphrase the underlined information and cite it as it would appear in an essay that is
using APA citation style
(5 marks)
v) Write down the bibliographical details as they would appear in an APA reference page
(5 marks)
vi) Define the following terms used in research and writing
a) Thesis statement
(2 marks)
b) Plagiarism
(2 marks)
c) Literature Review
(2 marks)
d) Academic writing
(2 marks)
e) Citations
(2 marks)
Q2) a) what five factors should one consider when constructing an informed argument in
preparation to writing an academic paper
(10 marks)
b) Identify the five stages that define the process of academic writing
(5 marks)
Q3) a) Discuss briefly three reasons why referencing is important in any academic writing
(6 marks)
b) Explain briefly three purposes of quotations in an academic piece of writing (9 marks)
Q4) a) Discuss briefly two considerations that an academic writer should make in terms of style
and format requirements
(5 marks)
b) Identify four ways through when an academic writer can avoid plagiarism
(4 marks)
c) Mention six characteristics of a well written academic paper
(6 marks)
Q 5) ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING (15 MARKS)
In an essay of about 500 words, argue for or against PUNISHMENT FOR CHILDREN. Your
essay should have: effective introduction, evidence, rebuttal, concession and effective
conclusion.
3