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Africa: Geography geography video Location Boarders: Atlantic/Indian oceans, Mediterranean/Red Sea Split in half by equator Central global location=high traffic area for trade Regions Regions North West East Central Southern Landforms Plateaus- Continent is mostly one large series of plateaus Escarpments (steep cliffs) divide plateaus from coast Great Rift Valley Giant tectonic fault (space where 2 plates meet) Creates fertile soil due to erosion Rivers Provide resources Food Irrigation Hydroelectric Power Nile River Flooded provided fertile soil when waters receded Dam ended yearly flooding Good: creates power….Bad: stops silt deposits Rivers Cont. Congo Drains huge portion of central Africa Congo River Basin Niger River River Key for irrigation Zambezi River Victoria falls Hydroelectric power Africa: Climate Latitude and Elevation 80% in tropics (between tropic of Cancer and Capricorn) Creates general warmth throughout year Coolest areas are high elevation Ghana humid 80’s, Kenya 60-low 70’s Difference is elevation (Sea-level vs 5000 ft) Rainfall Wet and Dry seasons (not like here) South of equator gets rain=north is dry Farther away from equator means longer periods of dry Uneven distribution of rainfall Climate Zones Tropical Wet Tropical Wet and Dry Desert Mediterranean Tropical Wet Rainforests Along equator Hot and Humid Rainfall abundant Rain causes poor soil (leaching) Makes modernization in region difficult Tropical Wet and Dry (Sahel) Savanna=grassland Warm all year with both wet and dry season Unpredictable rainfall=drought Desertification result of population growth Increase grazing Desert 40% of Africa Sahara larger than continental U.S Serves as highway for trade despite climate Kalahari/Namib still dry but not as harsh Some small plant life grow Mediterranean Southern tip and northern coast Similar to L.A, California Fertile soil allows for many crops Attracts European settlers (French, Italian, Spanish, British, Dutch) Climate and Health Tropical Climates=insects carrying disease Malaria kills up to 1 million a year Sleeping sickness kills cattle and humans No protein=more vulnerable to sickness Climate’s Effect While watching the video answer the following in your notes What is the effect of climate on the people of Africa? (be specific) How do people cope with climate change in the video? Who do the people blame for climate change and the effect it has on them? Climate and Population Patterns 1.1 Billion People live where climate allows them to High population areas=western Africa, Nile river valley, Southern Africa Climate and Adaptation Types of society Farming Herding Hunt and gather Fishing Urban Adaptation Majority live in savanna and farm Costal or river communities depending on fishing Areas with little rainfall but some vegetation will herd (cattle, goat) Hunt and gather less prevalent today Language Cultural Diversity can be seen by over 1000 languages Some similar but have different dialects May vary by tribe Studying language shows movement of people in history European influence seen today African Climate Current Event Find article relating to Africa and climate today Answer the following questions: Source (Where is the article from?) Main idea (What is the article saying?) Evidence (What evidence or facts does the article use) Solution (Does the article propose a solution to this problem?) African Culture Overview Areas: Food Music Folktales Art Take notes in each area using links on my webpage Include for each: Important facts/info Diversity among regions Instances of cultural diffusion Interesting material Role in society Africa: Family, Gov., Economy Family Hunting/Gathering groups Farming/Herding groups Lineage/Clans Hunting/Gathering Groups Small group of nuclear families Limited resources Farming/Herding Groups Extended families Collective labor Eldest males=leaders Lineage/Clans Common ancestors Share obligations/duties Strong sense of community/pride Lives of Women Roles Farming Selling Teaching Status of Women Varies from tribe to tribe Ashanti tribe=women most important in society Some see women as property Polygamy Wives live cooperatively and in harmony Bride Wealth Gift offered by man to wife's family (animals, tools, cloth) Shows value of women to families Matrilineal Patriarchal- lead by women/mothers lead by men/fathers Government Small villages sometimes linked together under larger gov. Villages often had full open discussions Consensus reached with disagreements Economic Organization Most were farming/herding Farming Subsistence farmers Farming methods vary based on environment Land collectively owned Herding Masai tribe Animals provide food, clothing, wealth More animals= higher status
