Download Anatomy Notes 10_25

Bellwork 10/25/16
§ What are the homeostatic functions of the muscular
system?
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Lesson Goal
§ SWBAT identify the differences in skeletal, smooth,
and cardiac muscle
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The Muscular System
Characteristics of Muscles
§ Muscles are responsible for all types of body
movement
§ Three basic muscle types are found in the body
§ Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated
(muscle cell = muscle fiber)
§ All muscles share some terminology
1.  Skeletal muscle
2.  Cardiac muscle
3.  Smooth muscle
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Table 6.1 Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscles (1 of 3)
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§ Prefixes myo and mys refer to “muscle”
§ Prefix sarco refers to “flesh”
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Table 6.1 Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscles (2 of 3)
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Table 6.1 Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscles (3 of 3)
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
§ Most are attached by tendons to bones
§ Cells are multinucleate
§ Striated—have visible banding
§ Voluntary—subject to conscious control
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 6.1 Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle.
Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal
Muscle
§ Cells are surrounded and bundled by connective
tissue
§ Endomysium—encloses a single muscle fiber
§ Perimysium—wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of
muscle fibers
§ Epimysium—covers the entire skeletal muscle
§ Fascia—on the outside of the epimysium
Muscle
fiber
(cell)
Blood vessel
Perimysium
Epimysium
(wraps entire
muscle)
Fascicle
(wrapped by
perimysium)
Endomysium
(between
fibers)
Tendon
Bone
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Skeletal Muscle Attachments
Skeletal Muscle Attachments
§ Epimysium blends into a connective tissue
attachment
§ Sites of muscle attachment
§ Tendons—cordlike structures
§  Mostly collagen fibers
§  Often cross a joint because of their toughness and
small size
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§ Bones
§ Cartilages
§ Connective tissue coverings
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Table 6.1 Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscles (1 of 3)
Smooth Muscle Characteristics
§ Lacks striations
§ Spindle-shaped cells
§ Single nucleus
§ Involuntary—no conscious control
§ Found mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs
(such as stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory
passages)
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Figure 6.2a Arrangement of smooth and cardiac muscle cells.
Mucosa
Submucosa
(a)
Table 6.1 Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscles (1 of 3)
Circular layer
of smooth muscle
(longitudinal
view of cells)
Longitudinal
layer of
smooth muscle
(cross-sectional
view of cells)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 6.2b Arrangement of smooth and cardiac muscle cells.
Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
§ Striations
§ Usually has a single nucleus
§ Branching cells
§ Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc
§ Involuntary
§ Found only in the walls of the heart
Cardiac
muscle
bundles
(b)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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