Download Human Homeostasis Study Aid Circulatory System Main Connective

Human Homeostasis Study Aid
Circulatory System
Main Connective Tissue Involved in this
system
Where blood is manufactured
Four components of this tissue and function
of each
Blood
Bone marrow
Red blood cells – carry O2 and CO2
White blood cells – immune response
Platelets-blood clotting
Plasma – liquid to carry everything including dissolve
materials
Cell transport used by:
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Function of the heart
Flow of blood through the heart down to the
kidney
Excretory System
Includes these organs
Main organ of excretory system
Function of this organ (dialysis-artificially)
Main filtration unit
Three steps of blood filtration
Red blood cells – use diffusion
White blood cells – use active transport
(endocytosis)
Pump the blood around the body
Deoxygenated blood from the body is carried to the heart
through the superior and inferior vena cava and received by
the right atrium, pumped to the right ventricle, pumped
through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for gas exchange,
oxygenated blood returns to the heart though the pulmonary
vein and is received by the left atrium, pumped to the left
ventricle, pumped through the aorta which connects to other
arteries including the renal artery
(Veins carry to the heart, arteries away)
Lungs (gas exchange), skin (releases urea and salts
in sweat), kidney (filters blood waste)
Kidneys
Blood filtration
Nephron
Filtration (glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule), Reabsorption
99% reabsorbed (Loop of Henle), Excretion (collecting ducts
to ureters, to bladder, to urethra)
Trace blood through the kidney
Renal artery, glomerulus, capillaries, renal vein
Trace the filtrate through the kidney
Identify where these transports happen in
the process:
Active transport
Passive transport
Renal artery, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Loop of Henle,
back to blood if reabsorbed, to collecting duct if not, ureter,
bladder, urethra
Active transport – to reabsorb dissolved materials back into
the blood
Passive transport – materials across the space between the
glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
Osmosis – reabsorb water
Human Homeostasis Study Aid
Nervous System
Basic cell
Nerve Impulse description
Central Nervous System
Neuron
Dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminal. Synaptic
vesicles merge with the axon terminal cell membrane and
neurotransmitters exit through exocytosis, they diffuse
across the synaptic cleft and attach to an ion pump to open it
and allow ions to pass through
Brain and Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory
Motor
Somatic
Autonomic
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
All other nerves
Gather information and send it to the brain
Send a signal from the brain to the body
Conscious control ex. Skeletal muscle
Unconscious control ex. Heart rate
Decreases rates
Increases rates
Parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Parietal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Conscious though
Integrates information from various senses
Conscious thought, mood/personality
Smell, sound
Sight
Muscle coordination and balance
Involuntary functions (internal organs)
Endocrine System
Uses what chemical signal
Nonsteroid hormones
Steroid hormones
Is a system of
Target tissues
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Negative Feedback loop
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Reproductive glands
Hormones
Amino acid composition/ cannot diffuse into a cell
Lipid composition/ diffuse into the cell
Glands
Tissues that a hormone is meant to
stimulate
Gland in the brain that controls many other
glands
Operates the negative feedback loop/controls the pituitary
Monitors the levels in different systems, when they are too
low or high it sends a signal to the pituitary to secrete
another hormone to a target tissue to change levels. When
levels reach normal it sends a stop signal to the pituitary
Regulates metabolism
Regulates blood calcium levels
Regulates blood pressure/reabsorption
Regulates insulin/glucagon levels
Regulates gamete production/secondary
sex characteristics
Human Homeostasis Study Aid
Immune System
Non-specific defense (innate)
First line of defense
Second line of defense
Specific Immunity (acquired)
Cellular immunity
Antibody immunity
Same reaction for all invaders (pathogens)
Skin, mucus, tears
Inflammatory response (white blood cells),
Histamine (brings more fluid to the area),
Fever (body temperature is raised)
Body learns invaders/ as a specific response
T-Cells produce memory cells and destroy
pathogens
B-cells produce antibodies, neutralize the
pathogen, remember the pathogen
Vaccines
Artificially produce acquired immunity by exposure to a
weakened antigen of a specific pathogen, can only help
prevent the illness not a cure
Allergic reaction
Over response by the immune system