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Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Introduction Topic Self-Quiz back 1. A plant weighing 300 g (planted in watered soil with no other organisms) and a herbivore animal weighing 80g are placed together in a sealed container. What what must be added to keep both organisms alive longer than a few hours? a) H2O b) CO2 T c) light answer d) food 2. In the same hypothetical experiment as above, the animal nibbles on the plant for many days. How is it possible for both plant and animal to survive in a sealed container this long? a) Enough light energy must have been added to maintain photosynthesis during the experiment b) The flow of O2 from the plant provided what was needed by the animal’s cellular respiration T c) Cellular respiration in the animal provided CO2 for the plant’s Calvin cycle d) The animal ate the plant, but did not eat so much as to cut the plant’s O2 production to levels below that needed by the animal. answer e) All of the above 3. The organism(s) that recycle(s) CO2 are: a) plants b) micro-algae c) cyanobacteria T d) macro-algae e) all of the above answer f) none of the above Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Catabolic Pathways Topic Self-Quiz 1. When something is phosphorylated it has: a) an amino group added T b) a phosphate group added c) a phosphoryl group added d) a phosphate group removed 2. Glycolysis is a step in: a) fermentation b) photosynthesis T c) cellular respiration d) the Kreb’s cycle e) both a) and c) are correct answer answer 3. Cellular respiration differs from fermentation because: a) fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen b) oxygen acts as an electron acceptor in cellular respiration and not in fementation T c) fermentation uses glycolysis but not other energy-yielding catabolic steps d) all of the above answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Glycolysis/( Topic Self-Quiz 1. What a) b) T c) d) e) makes scientists believe that glycolysis is an ancient process? it still happens in grain cells that have been found in ancient pyramids it takes place in the cell’s cytosol, not in special organelles it happens in all cells it occurs in fermentation and cellular respiration pathways answer both b) and c) are correct 2. The pyruvate created by glycolysis can: a) be converted to a 2- or 3-carbon compound and excreted out of the cell b) be added to the cell’s stockpile of energy carrier molecules T c) enter mitochondria and be further broken down d) enter the nucleus and be used to make DNA e) both a) and c) are correct f) both b) and c) are correct answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Glycolysis/) Topic Self-Quiz 1. The energy-investment phase is so called because: a) these molecules like to invest in the energy market T b) two ATP molecules are produced in the first four steps c) two ATP molecules are used up in the first four steps d) none of the above 2. Once a) b) T c) d) back answer the glucose molecule enters the cell, the first step of glycolysis prevents it from leaving because: the new intermediate’s electric charge prevents it from crossing the membrane again the intermedidate formed with a phosphate is too large to cross the membrane it is bound to the mitochondrion membrane the enzyme holds on and won’t let it go answer 3. P-GAL is created during glycolysis when: a) a molecule of fructose is phosphorylated to make P-GAL b) isomerase splits glucose into two P-GALs c) a 6-carbon intermediate sugar is split into two, 3-carbon sugars, one of which is P-GAL d) isomerase changes a 3-carbon compound into its isomer, P-GAL e) both c) and d) are correct answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Glycolysis/ Topic Self-Quiz back 1. In a redox-reaction, when a molecule is oxidized by a oxidizing agent it __________ and when it is reduced by an reducing agent it _________: a) gains electrons, loses electrons G b) loses electrons, gains electrons answer 2. In one step of glycolysis, a sugar intermediate is oxidized by _____ producing the reduced compound _____. a) ATP, H2O b) NAD+, NADH c) pyruvate, NADH d) NAD+, pyruvate answer e) NADH, NAD+ Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Fermentation Topic Self-Quiz 1. Fermentation is a form of: a) catabolic pathway b) aerobic respiration T c) anaerobic respiration d) anabolic pathway answer 2. Fermentation serves the following function in cells: a) produces alchohol to get the cell drunk b) removes pyruvate that would otherwise build up and inhibit glycolysis T c) provides the cell with energy d) cycles materials back into glycolysis answer 3. Lactic acid fermentation differs from alcohol fermentation because: a) it starts with pyruvate b) it produces CO2 T c) it does not break down pyruvate to the 2-carbon level d) it produces no extra useable energy answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration More Energy with Oxygen/( Topic Self-Quiz 1. A reducing atmosphere is one that: a) has gases that tend to donate electrons to other molecules in the environment b) is highly reactive G c) is high in oxygen d) has gases that tend to grab electrons from molecules in the environment e) none of the above back answer 2. Catabolic reactions with oxygen harvest as much as ______ times more energy when breaking down food molecules, than without oxygen. a) 20 b) 100 T c) 2 answer d) 18 3. Oxygen is highly ______________ so that it has a _________ affinity for electrons. a) positive, low b) electronegative, high T c) electronegative, low d) reactive, low answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration More Energy with Oxygen/) Topic Self-Quiz 1. On ancient earth, the result of oxygen becoming the electron acceptor in respiration was: a) all anaerobic organisms died b) the pace of evolution picked up c) multicellular organisms evolved d) new metabolic pathways evolved e) all of the above answer f) only a) is incorrect 2. The reason scientists believe that glycolysis was adopted in the earliest prokaryotes is: a) it is shown by fossil evidence b) glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen T c) archea exhibit glycolysis but bacteria don’t d) it is a metabolic pathway common to all modern organisms answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Mitochondrion Structure Topic Self-Quiz 1. The infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are: a) krista T b) protein nodules c) cristae answer d) grana 2. In the diagram to the right, identify the following: a) site of ATP synthesis b) location of the Krebs cycle reactions c) location where H+ ions build up d) relic of host cell’s food vacuole e) relic of symbiont’s cell membrane Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Krebs Cycle/( Topic Self-Quiz 1. In the transfer of pyruvate through the mitochondrial membranes: a) CO2 is released b) pyruvate is oxidized T c) Coenzyme A reacts with an intermediate d) Acetyl Co A becomes available to the Krebs cycle e) all of the above answer 2. The Krebs cycle requires _____ and ______. a) lactate, oxygen b) acetyl Co A, oxygen T c) pyruvic acid, CO 2 d) oxygen, NAD+ answer 3. Which of the following is NOT oxidized during the Krebs cycle: a) alpha-ketogluterate b) succinate G c) fumarate d) isocitrate answer e) malate Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Krebs Cycle/). Krebs Cycle/ / Cycle Test Topic Self-Quiz Test your knowledge of the Kreb’s cycle intermediates listed randomly below, and then check your answers by clicking the buttons. C O C O CH3 COOCO) G succinate malate fumarate isocitrate oxaloacetate pyruvate succinyl CoA citrate acetyl CoA alpha-ketogluterate COOCH2 CH2 NAD2 S NADH 2 H2 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) back O- HO CoA C CoA/SH O C COO- HC H)O HO CH2 COO- COO- COO- COO- CH3 NAD2 NADH 2 H2 CH CH2 CO) CH2 O C COO- COOO NAD2 C NADH 2 H2 CO) CH2 CoA/SH COO- COONADH 2 H2 CH2 CH2 NAD2 C O S CoA COOHO CH CoA/SH CH2 COO- COO- COO- CH2 CH H)O CH2 HC COO- COO- Click here for a larger version FAD FADH) Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES GDP GTP ATP ADP Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Krebs Cycle/3 Topic Self-Quiz back 1. What makes the Krebs cycle more productive than glycolysis, even though they both produce only 2 ATP directly from one sugar molecule? a) only the Krebs cycle requires oxygen b) the Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion so the energy is contained, rather than dispersed T throughout the cytoplasm c) the types of sugars that enter each cycle are different d) the Krebs cycle produces the energy carrier molecules NADH and FADH2 answer 3. The difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involves: a) the products are different b) they occur in different organelles T c) one requires the linking of the electron transport chain to redox reactions d) one occurs only in glycolysis answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Electron Transport Chain Topic Self-Quiz 1. Cristae provide the surface area to hold thousands of copies of the: a) Krebs cycle b) electron transport chain T c) photosystems answer d) energy carriers 2. The proteins in the electron transport chain have prosthetic groups that alter between the _______ and _______ state as they accept and donate electrons. a) reduced, oxidized T b) open, closed c) positive, negative d) oxidized, reduced answer 3. The electron transport chain allows energy produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to be released: a) quickly b) all at once T c) over a period of years d) gradually answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES back Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Oxidative Phosphorylation Topic Self-Quiz back 1. The ion grandient between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space is created by: a) passive transport of Na+ ions b) active transport of H+ ions coupled to electron transport chain redox reactions c) pinocytosis d) positive ion flow answer 2. Chemiosmosis is: a) the formation of chemical bonds by crossing the cell membrane b) osmosis that requires chemical energy T c) diffusion of water across a semipermiable membrane d) a coupling of chemical reactions and transport across a membrane. answer 3. It is believed that many early prokaryotes lived in habitats with very high acidity, since they constantly pumped out organic acids to help digest organic material around them. What adaptation in such cells would have the greatest likelihood to increase their chances for success? a) ability to excrete something to neutralize the acids T b) coupling the transport of hydrogen ions back into the cell with the phosphorylation of ADP c) thicker cell membrane, with more lipids to keep out the acid d) using the electron transport chain to pump even more H+ into the environment answer Visualizing Cell Processes (rd Edition) © BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES