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Cellular
Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Introduction
Topic Self-Quiz
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1. A plant weighing 300 g (planted in watered soil with no other organisms) and a herbivore animal weighing
80g are placed together in a sealed container. What what must be added to keep both organisms alive longer
than a few hours?
a) H2O
b) CO2
T
c) light
answer
d) food
2. In the same hypothetical experiment as above, the animal nibbles on the plant for many days. How is it
possible for both plant and animal to survive in a sealed container this long?
a) Enough light energy must have been added to maintain photosynthesis during the experiment
b) The flow of O2 from the plant provided what was needed by the animal’s cellular respiration
T
c) Cellular respiration in the animal provided CO2 for the plant’s Calvin cycle
d) The animal ate the plant, but did not eat so much as to cut the plant’s O2 production to
levels below that needed by the animal.
answer
e) All of the above
3. The organism(s) that recycle(s) CO2 are:
a) plants
b) micro-algae
c) cyanobacteria
T
d) macro-algae
e) all of the above
answer
f) none of the above
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Cellular
Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Catabolic Pathways
Topic Self-Quiz
1. When something is phosphorylated it has:
a) an amino group added
T b) a phosphate group added
c) a phosphoryl group added
d) a phosphate group removed
2. Glycolysis is a step in:
a) fermentation
b) photosynthesis
T c) cellular respiration
d) the Kreb’s cycle
e) both a) and c) are correct
answer
answer
3. Cellular respiration differs from fermentation because:
a) fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen
b) oxygen acts as an electron acceptor in cellular respiration and not in fementation
T c) fermentation uses glycolysis but not other energy-yielding catabolic steps
d) all of the above
answer
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Cellular
Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Glycolysis/(
Topic Self-Quiz
1. What
a)
b)
T c)
d)
e)
makes scientists believe that glycolysis is an ancient process?
it still happens in grain cells that have been found in ancient pyramids
it takes place in the cell’s cytosol, not in special organelles
it happens in all cells
it occurs in fermentation and cellular respiration pathways
answer
both b) and c) are correct
2. The pyruvate created by glycolysis can:
a) be converted to a 2- or 3-carbon compound and excreted out of the cell
b) be added to the cell’s stockpile of energy carrier molecules
T c) enter mitochondria and be further broken down
d) enter the nucleus and be used to make DNA
e) both a) and c) are correct
f) both b) and c) are correct
answer
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Cellular
Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Glycolysis/)
Topic Self-Quiz
1. The energy-investment phase is so called because:
a) these molecules like to invest in the energy market
T b) two ATP molecules are produced in the first four steps
c) two ATP molecules are used up in the first four steps
d) none of the above
2. Once
a)
b)
T c)
d)
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answer
the glucose molecule enters the cell, the first step of glycolysis prevents it from leaving because:
the new intermediate’s electric charge prevents it from crossing the membrane again
the intermedidate formed with a phosphate is too large to cross the membrane
it is bound to the mitochondrion membrane
the enzyme holds on and won’t let it go
answer
3. P-GAL is created during glycolysis when:
a) a molecule of fructose is phosphorylated to make P-GAL
b) isomerase splits glucose into two P-GALs
c) a 6-carbon intermediate sugar is split into two, 3-carbon sugars, one of which is P-GAL
d) isomerase changes a 3-carbon compound into its isomer, P-GAL
e) both c) and d) are correct
answer
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Cellular
Cellular Respiration
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Glycolysis/
Topic Self-Quiz
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1. In a redox-reaction, when a molecule is oxidized by a oxidizing agent it __________ and when it is reduced
by an reducing agent it _________:
a) gains electrons, loses electrons
G b) loses electrons, gains electrons
answer
2. In one step of glycolysis, a sugar intermediate is oxidized by _____ producing the reduced compound _____.
a) ATP, H2O
b) NAD+, NADH
c) pyruvate, NADH
d) NAD+, pyruvate
answer
e) NADH, NAD+
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Cellular
Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Fermentation
Topic Self-Quiz
1. Fermentation is a form of:
a) catabolic pathway
b) aerobic respiration
T c) anaerobic respiration
d) anabolic pathway
answer
2. Fermentation serves the following function in cells:
a) produces alchohol to get the cell drunk
b) removes pyruvate that would otherwise build up and inhibit glycolysis
T c) provides the cell with energy
d) cycles materials back into glycolysis
answer
3. Lactic acid fermentation differs from alcohol fermentation because:
a) it starts with pyruvate
b) it produces CO2
T c) it does not break
down pyruvate to the 2-carbon level
d) it produces no extra useable energy
answer
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Respiration
More Energy with Oxygen/(
Topic Self-Quiz
1. A reducing atmosphere is one that:
a) has gases that tend to donate electrons to other molecules in the environment
b) is highly reactive
G c) is high in oxygen
d) has gases that tend to grab electrons from molecules in the environment
e) none of the above
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answer
2. Catabolic reactions with oxygen harvest as much as ______ times more energy when breaking down
food molecules, than without oxygen.
a) 20
b) 100
T c) 2
answer
d) 18
3. Oxygen is highly ______________ so that it has a _________ affinity for electrons.
a) positive, low
b) electronegative, high
T c) electronegative, low
d) reactive, low
answer
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Cellular Respiration
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More Energy with Oxygen/)
Topic Self-Quiz
1. On ancient earth, the result of oxygen becoming the electron acceptor in respiration was:
a) all anaerobic organisms died
b) the pace of evolution picked up
c) multicellular organisms evolved
d) new metabolic pathways evolved
e) all of the above
answer
f) only a) is incorrect
2. The reason scientists believe that glycolysis was adopted in the earliest prokaryotes is:
a) it is shown by fossil evidence
b) glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen
T c) archea exhibit glycolysis but bacteria don’t
d) it is a metabolic pathway common to all modern organisms
answer
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Respiration
Mitochondrion Structure
Topic Self-Quiz
1. The infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are:
a) krista
T b) protein nodules
c) cristae
answer
d) grana
2. In the diagram to the right, identify the following:
a) site of ATP synthesis
b) location of the Krebs cycle reactions
c) location where H+ ions build up
d) relic of host cell’s food vacuole
e) relic of symbiont’s cell membrane
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Krebs Cycle/(
Topic Self-Quiz
1. In the transfer of pyruvate through the mitochondrial membranes:
a) CO2 is released
b) pyruvate is oxidized
T c) Coenzyme A reacts with an intermediate
d) Acetyl Co A becomes available to the Krebs cycle
e) all of the above
answer
2. The Krebs cycle requires _____ and ______.
a) lactate, oxygen
b) acetyl Co A, oxygen
T c) pyruvic acid, CO
2
d) oxygen, NAD+
answer
3. Which of the following is NOT oxidized during the Krebs cycle:
a) alpha-ketogluterate
b) succinate
G c) fumarate
d) isocitrate
answer
e) malate
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Krebs Cycle/). Krebs Cycle/ / Cycle Test
Topic Self-Quiz
Test your knowledge of the Kreb’s
cycle intermediates listed randomly
below, and then check your answers
by clicking the buttons.
C
O
C
O
CH3
COOCO)
G
succinate
malate
fumarate
isocitrate
oxaloacetate
pyruvate
succinyl CoA
citrate
acetyl CoA
alpha-ketogluterate
COOCH2
CH2
NAD2
S
NADH
2 H2
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
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O-
HO
CoA
C
CoA/SH
O
C
COO-
HC
H)O
HO
CH2
COO-
COO-
COO-
COO-
CH3
NAD2
NADH
2 H2
CH
CH2
CO)
CH2
O
C
COO-
COOO
NAD2
C
NADH
2 H2
CO)
CH2
CoA/SH
COO-
COONADH
2 H2
CH2
CH2
NAD2
C
O
S
CoA
COOHO
CH
CoA/SH
CH2
COO-
COO-
COO-
CH2
CH
H)O
CH2
HC
COO-
COO-
Click here for a larger version
FAD
FADH)
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GDP
GTP
ATP
ADP
Cellular
Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Krebs Cycle/3
Topic Self-Quiz
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1. What makes the Krebs cycle more productive than glycolysis, even though they both produce only 2 ATP directly
from one sugar molecule?
a) only the Krebs cycle requires oxygen
b) the Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion so the energy is contained, rather than dispersed
T throughout the cytoplasm
c) the types of sugars that enter each cycle are different
d) the Krebs cycle produces the energy carrier molecules NADH and FADH2
answer
3. The difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involves:
a) the products are different
b) they occur in different organelles
T c) one requires the linking of the electron transport chain to redox reactions
d) one occurs only in glycolysis
answer
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Electron Transport Chain
Topic Self-Quiz
1. Cristae provide the surface area to hold thousands of copies of the:
a) Krebs cycle
b) electron transport chain
T c) photosystems
answer
d) energy carriers
2. The proteins in the electron transport chain have prosthetic groups that alter between the _______ and
_______ state as they accept and donate electrons.
a) reduced, oxidized
T b) open, closed
c) positive, negative
d) oxidized, reduced
answer
3. The electron transport chain allows energy produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to be released:
a) quickly
b) all at once
T c) over a period of years
d) gradually
answer
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Topic Self-Quiz
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1. The ion grandient between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space is created by:
a) passive transport of Na+ ions
b) active transport of H+ ions coupled to electron transport chain redox reactions
c) pinocytosis
d) positive ion flow
answer
2. Chemiosmosis is:
a) the formation of chemical bonds by crossing the cell membrane
b) osmosis that requires chemical energy
T c) diffusion of water across a semipermiable membrane
d) a coupling of chemical reactions and transport across a membrane.
answer
3. It is believed that many early prokaryotes lived in habitats with very high acidity, since they constantly pumped
out organic acids to help digest organic material around them. What adaptation in such cells would have the
greatest likelihood to increase their chances for success?
a) ability to excrete something to neutralize the acids
T b) coupling the transport of hydrogen ions back into the cell with the phosphorylation of ADP
c) thicker cell membrane, with more lipids to keep out the acid
d) using the electron transport chain to pump even more H+ into the environment
answer
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