Download This study guide will serve as the guide for the remaining parts of

This study guide will serve as the guide for the remaining parts of speech not covered by
CCGPS. We will look at nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun is the name or
title of a particular person, place, or thing. Notice that proper nouns are capitalized. (text
pg. 94-95)
Some examples:
NOUNS
Common
Proper

PERSON
pioneer
Dewey Martin
PLACE
city
Savannah
THING
building
Empire State
Building
IDEA
joy, sadness
A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. A plural noun names more
than one person, place, thing, or idea.
Most nouns are regular. They become plural when you add –s or –es. Nouns that end in
s, x, z, sh, and ch need the ending –es. Most nouns ending in a consonant + o need –es
endings. (text pg. 96-97)

Some examples:
Noun
beach
potato
banana

Some nouns need a spelling change before the ending is added.
life ~ lives

Plural Form
beaches
potatoes
bananas
leaf ~ leaves
If the noun ends with a consonant and a –y, you must change the –y to an –i and add –es.
mystery ~ mysteries colony ~ colonies

If the noun ends with a vowel and a –y, you just add an –s.
monkey ~ monkeys

Some irregular nouns have a special spelling in the plural form. Other irregular nouns
have the same spelling for both the singular and plural forms. If you are not sure about the
correct plural form of any noun, look it up in the dictionary.
Some Irregular Singular Nouns
woman
tooth
ox
moose
deer
mouse

Some Irregular Plural Nouns
women
teeth
oxen
moose
deer
mice
A possessive noun shows ownership. A singular possessive noun shows ownership by
one person or thing. A plural possessive noun shows ownership by more than one person
or thing. (text pg. 104)
Example: the book belonging to Scott ~ Scott’s book—singular possessive
the pictures belonging to the groups ~ the groups’ pictures—plural possessive

An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word. Use a period after most abbreviations.
(text pg. 98)
Doctor ~ Dr.
Avenue ~ Ave.

Mister ~ Mr.
Monday ~ Mon.
Reverend ~ Rev.
gallon ~ gal.
Street ~ St.
Road ~ Rd.
December ~ Dec. Tuesday ~ Tues.
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.
Example: Cara’s father is a chef. He taught her to cook. He = Cara’s father ~ her = Cara

Subject Pronouns take the place of a noun or nouns as the subject of the sentence. A
subject pronoun is in the subjective case. Always capitalize the pronoun I. (text pg. 234235)
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Person
First person (person speaking)
Second person (person spoken
to)
Third person (person or thing
spoken about)
Singular
I
you
Plural
we
you
he, she, it
they

Object pronouns take the place of a noun after an action verb, such as see or tell, or after
a preposition, such as about, at, for, from, in, of, to, or with. An object pronoun is in the
objective case. (text pg. 236-237)
Person
First person
Second person
Third person

Singular
Plural
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
The antecedent of a pronoun is the noun or nouns to which the pronoun refers. A pronoun
must agree with its antecedent in gender and number. (text pg. 238-239)
Example: People bring baked goods with them to new neighbors.
People = plural ~ them, plural ~ object pronoun

A possessive pronoun shows ownership and takes the place of a possessive noun. (text
pg. 244-245)
Example: This book is Tammy’s. This book is hers.
Possessive Pronouns used before a noun
Singular
Plural
my
our
your
your
his, her, its
their

A reflexive pronoun refers back to a noun or pronoun. A reflexive pronoun agrees with
its antecedent in gender and number. (text pg. 246-247)
Singular
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself

Possessive Pronouns that stand alone
Singular
Plural
mine
ours
yours
yours
his, hers
theirs
Plural
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Subject pronouns are often used with verbs in contractions, as in we’re. The following
contractions and possessive pronouns are often confused with each other. Remember that
contractions with apostrophes are really two words put together. (text pg. 248-249)
Contractions
you’re ~ you are
it’s ~ it is
they’re ~ they are
Possessive Pronouns
your
its
their

Adjectives are words that modify a noun or pronoun. The adjectives a, an, and the are
special adjectives called articles. A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun.
Adjectives can tell what kind, which one, and how many. (text pg. 262-263)
Examples: a ripe banana, an ugly monster, two dollars, the pink blanket, the American flag, the
Canadian bill

Adverbs are words that modify verbs. An adverb often tells how, when, or where the
action took place. Many adverbs that tell how end in –ly. Negative words such as not and
never are adverbs that usually describe verbs. (text pg. 264-265)
Examples: carefully prepared, never late, calls loudly, rides quickly

Adjectives and adverbs are used to compare. Adjectives can be used to compare people,
places, and things. Adverbs can be used to compare actions. (text pg. 274-275)
Add –er to compare one thing with one other thing. Example: I am taller than her.
Add –est to compare one thing with two or more things. Example: I am the tallest girl in class.
More or most is used with many adjectives or adverbs of two or more syllables.
Use more to compare one thing with one other thing. Example: She is more beautiful than Sally.
Use most to compare one thing with two or more things. Example: She is the most beautiful girl
in all the land.
NEVER USE MORE/MOST WITH –ER AND –EST FORMS!!

Good and bad are adjectives. Well is an adverb unless it means “healthy.” Badly is always
an adverb. (text pg. 276)
--------------------------------good, well
bad, badly
Comparing Two
better
worse
More than two
best
worst