Download The Space Sector and International Trade

OECD Global Forum on Space Economics
10 (e): The Space Sector and International Trade
– An OECD/SG/AU report
Pierre-Alain Schieb, Claire Jolly
Joint 8th International Trade Statistics (ITS)
and Trade in Services (TIS) Session
Session 10 - Paris, 8 September 2007
Advisory Unit to the Secretary-General (SGE/AU)
International Futures Programme (IFP)
 Multidisciplinary team, created in 1990, reporting
directly to the Secretary-General of the OECD
 Mission = Identify and explore emerging policy issues
(management of new emerging risks, the security
economy, the bio-economy…)
 Participation / Project Funding = Involvement of
governmental bodies and private actors in each
(self-financed) project
2
OECD and the Space Sector
 2 year IFP Futures Project “The Commercialisation of
Space and the Development of Space Infrastructure:
The Role of Public and Private Actors” (2002-2004)
 Results = 2 OECD publications and recommendations to
policy-makers for a sustainable space infrastructure
2004
2005
3
New Mandate (2006-2008)
 Demand from governments for further OECD work on
space statistics and indicators
 9 organisations (key space agencies, other
institutions…) joining in the OECD Global Space Forum
 Objective = collect and evaluate existing data and socioeconomic indicators, to provide evidence-based analysis
and assist agencies/governments in shaping policies to
contribute to ensuring that the potential of space is more
fully realised
4
Defining the Space Economy
The space economy embraces:
“All public and private actors involved in providing space-enabled products
and services. It comprises a long value-added chain, starting with the
manufacturers of space hardware (e.g. launch vehicles, satellites, ground stations)
and ending with the providers of space-enabled products (e.g. navigation equipment,
satellite phones) and services (e.g. satellite-based meteorological services or directto-home video services) to final users.”
SPACE ACTORS
(R&D, INDUSTRY & SERVICES PROVIDERS)
MANUFACTURERS
R&D
CENTRES
LABS
LAUNCHERS
GROUND
EQUIPMENT
OPERATORS
SATELLITES
TELECOM SERVICES
EARTH OBSERVATION
DATA PROVIDERS
NON-SPACE ACTORS
CONTENTS PROVIDERS
DIGITAL BROADCASTING
PROVIDERS
VALUE ADDERS /
INTEGRATORS
RETAIL DELIVERY
NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT
INFORMATION SERVICES
PROVIDERS
Source: OECD (2007), The Space Economy at A Glance, OECD, Paris
5
“The Space Economy at a Glance”
 First OECD publication to look at the space sector to be
released in Oct. 2007
 Statistics and Indicators on the Space Economy
 Examine multiple aspects of the Space Economy
 e.g. Goods, Services, Budgets, R&D, Human Capital, Patents…
 Diverse Data Sources: Both Official and Unofficial
 Official: OECD and Governments (e.g. NSOs and space agencies)
 Unofficial: Industry Associations (e.g. GIFAS, AIA) and Private
Consultants
 Coverage:
 OECD: include all major OECD players
 non-OECD: include Russia, China, India, others
6
A significant and expanding high-tech
sector
 Relatively few countries are producers of space-related goods, but many
are customers/users (e.g. meteorology)
 Economic estimates on the sector vary widely (lack of internationally
comparable data)
 Worldwide institutional budgets of around USD 45 billion in 2005 for
OECD countries alone (probably more with unpublished defence-related
programmes)
 Commercial revenues from space-derived products and services around
USD 110-120 billion in 2006 worldwide (“small” upstream activities, i.e.
rocket manufacturing vs. “large” downstream activities, telecom,
navigation)
 Underlying trend in the space economy is one of growth
7
Downstream space activities (applications) often much
larger than upstream segment (manufacturing), e.g. UK
Chart 5.4a: UK Space Industry Upstream and Downstream Real Turnover, 1999-2005
Billions of Pounds
Source: BNSC report "Size and Health of Space Industry 2006"
£5.0
£4.5
Billions of Pounds
£4.0
£3.5
£3.0
£2.5
£2.0
£1.5
£1.0
£0.5
£0.0
1999/2000
2000/2001
2001/2002
Real Downstream
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
Real Upstream
8
Globalisation of Trade in Space Products
and Services
 Focus: OECD countries
 International Trade in Commodity Statistics (ITCS)
database
 Two Harmonized System (HS) codes employed
which indicate “space-related” elements (but not
only):
 (1) HS880260 (“Spacecraft, including satellites, and
suborbital and spacecraft launch vehicles”); and
 (2) HS880390 (“Parts of balloons, dirigibles, and
spacecraft not elsewhere specified”).
9
Figure 1. Amount and share of OECD space
products exports, 2004
(Exports in millions of current US dollars and as a percentage of OECD total )
Exports in 2004:
USD 3.74 billion
(total for the two
HS codes)
Source: OECD (2007), The Space Economy at A Glance, OECD, Paris
Note: Data derived from the OECD/UN International Trade in Commodity Statistics (ITCS) database, April 2007
10
Figure 2. OECD Exports of Space Products 1996-2004
(Exports in billions of current US dollars)
Source: OECD (2007), The Space Economy at A Glance, OECD, Paris
Note: Data derived from the OECD/UN International Trade in Commodity Statistics (ITCS) database, April 2007
11
Challenges to overcome in data collection
 Trade: two codes, one of the two includes non-space and
space, not available in all countries
 Dual use activities: some space-related products are
considered sensitive and are not traded / or may be exported
under strict technology transfers regimes (i.e. Wassenaar
Arrangement)
 High level of data aggregation: aerospace vs. space;
manufacturing versus services
 Confidentiality: One / few companies for country
 Non-OECD countries: Obtaining trade-related data difficult
12
Next steps for space-related statistics
& indicators
 Towards a list of space-related indicators comparable
internationally…
Choice of Space Forum Steering Group members
Contacts with NSOs, industry associations
 Need to drill down on TRADE in downstream spacerelated services (telecom industry, GPS industry…)
13
What can be done at OECD level?
 We have a pilot group of interested parties within OECD Forum on
Space Economics with assistance from NS0s on a voluntary basis
 Current developments at ISIC level (Revision 4) with satellite
communications activities better represented (i.e. new Class 6130)
 Probably some interesting experience in terms of trade in ICT
sector?
 Lessons learned from ICT sector?
14
Problematic of Pinpointing to Specific
Application e.g. GPS devices
 HS Codes:
90.14 Direction finding compasses; other
navigational instruments and appliances.
 9014.10 - Direction finding compasses
 9014.20 - Instruments and appliances for aeronautical or space
navigation (other than compasses)
 9014.80 - Other instruments and appliances (incl. Instruments and
apparatus of 9014.80, used solely or principally with an automatic data
processing machine of a kind used on sea-going vessels)
 9014.90 - Parts and accessories
 We are interested in possible experiences from
delegates (e.g. ICT sector…)
15
Thank you.
Pierre-Alain Schieb
Counsellor, Head Futures Projects
[email protected]
Claire Jolly
Policy Analyst
[email protected]
More information: www.oecd.org/futures
16