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AMERICAN LITERATURE, AN OVERVIEW PRE-HISTORY - PRESENT TAKING NOTES You are to view this presentation and listen as the instructor speaks. PAY ATTENTION. Take notes – write down the important facts and info. If the instructor adds information that sounds important or helps you to connect to the topic, include it. If you miss something, either get it from a neighbor at the end of class, or view this presentation on Mrs. Utley’s website. It can be found by following the links for English 10 homework at: http://www.asdk12.org/staff/utley_amy/ ERAS PREHISTORY ENLIGHTENMENT (1607-1800) Phase One (1607- 1750) Age of Faith Native American Mythology Phase Two (1750-1800) Age of Reason ROMANTICISM (1800-1855) Gothic Literature (subgenre) REALISM (1865-1915) MODERNISM (1915-1945) Science Fiction and Fantasy Naturalism (sub-genre) Transcendentalism (1840-1855) CONTEMPORARY (1945-PRESENT) Harlem Renaissance (1915-1929) Influx of female writers Increase in multicultural lit PRE-HISTORY NATIVE AMERICAN MYTHOLOGY • BEFORE EUROPEAN INVASION (pre-1620) • CHARACTERISTICS: • CREATION STORIES – “How did __________ come to be?” • NATURE as TEACHER/COMPANION • STYLE/GENRE: • Oral Tradition – Not recorded until later ENLIGHTENMENT CHARACTERISTICS • INDEPENDENCE • From Catholic Church • From aristocracy • DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES TWO PHASES • AGE OF FAITH • AGE OF REASON AGE OF FAITH (1620-1750) CHARACTERISTICS: • PURITANS AND PILGRIMS • Differed from Catholics – personal relationship with God. No priest needed. • Puritan Work Ethic - salvation through work and religious devotion. STYLES/GENRES • SERMONS, DIARIES, LETTERS, POEMS • RELIGIOUS, STYLE IS DIRECT AGE OF REASON (1750-1800) CHARACTERISTICS • SCIENCE AND LOGIC TEMPER RELIGION • IDEALISTIC PHILOSOPHY – POWER OF THE INIDIVIDUAL STYLES/GENRES • PAMPHLETS, SPEECHES, DOCUMENTS • INSTRUCTIVE, INFORMATIVE, ORNATE • Declaration of Independence ROMANTICISM 1800-1855 CHARACTERISTICS: • ASSERTION OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT • INSTINCT AND IMAGINATION OVER FACT • DEVELOPMENT OF SYMBOLISM STYLE/GENRE: • SHORT STORIES/NOVELS WRITERS: • Nathaniel Hawthorne • Edgar Allan Poe – Father of American Short Story GOTHIC (SUB-GENRE OF ROMANTICISM) CHARACTERISTICS: • DARK SIDE OF ROMANTIC LIT • MAN HAS BOTH GOOD AND EVIL ATTRIBUTES • SETTING – DARK, SPOOKY (CATHEDRALS, CASTLES, RAIN, ISOLATION • INCORPORATES SUPERNATURAL TRANSCENDENTALISM (1840-1855) CHARACTERISTICS: • MOVEMENT OF LITERARY ACADEMICS CENTERED IN NEW ENGLAND (BOSTON • RALPH EMERSON – FATHER OF MOVEMENT • TRUTH – TRANSCENDS FACT / TRUST INTUITION • INDIVIDUALS MUST WORK TO UNDERSTAND SELF AND THE WORLD AROUND HIM/HER. KEY WRITERS: • HENRY DAVID THOREAU, WALT WHITMAN REALISM 1850-1915 CHARACTERISTICS: • FOCUS ON THE LIVES OF ORDINARY PEOPLE • ANTI-MATERIALISM • OFTEN AIMS TO SOLVE A SOCIAL PROBLEM STYLE /GENRES: • USED REGIONAL DIALECTS – the way people actually spoke • REFLECTION OF LIFE AS IT IS WRITERS: • MARK TWAIN, FREDRICK DOUGLAS NATURALISM (SUB-GENRE OF REALISM) CHARACTERISTICS: • DARKER FORM OF REALISM • FREE WILL IS AN ILLUSION STYLE / GENRE: • THEMES OF SURVIVAL, FATE, NATURE AS AN INDIFFERENT FORCE WRITERS: • STEPHAN CRANE, JACK LONDON MODERNISM (1915-1945) CHARACTERISTICS: • • • • BREAK WITH TRADITION, RISE OF NEW YOUTH RESPONSE TO WW’s I & II ALIENATION “JAZZ AGE” GENRE /STYLE: • HIGHLY EXPERIEMENTAL – STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS • USE OF FRAGMENTS/ALTERNATE PUNCTUATION FAMOUS “MODERNISTS” ERNEST HEMINGWAY F. SCOTT FITZGERALD JOHN STEINBECK WILLIAM FAULKNER E E CUMMINGS T.S.ELIOT HARLEM RENAISSANCE (1915-1929) CHARACTERISTICS: • SURGE OF NEW ART (LITERATURE, MUSIC, DANCE, THEATRE) BEGUN IN HARLEM, N.Y. GENRE/STYLE: • LITERATURE, DANCE, MUSIC HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY JAZZ CONTEMPORARY AGE (1945-PRESENT) CHARACTERISTICS: • • • • INCREASED MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY VALUES ARE NOT PERMANENT ANTI-HERO SEEKING SOCIAL CHANGE GENRE/STYLE: • EMERGENCE OF SCI-FI/FANTASY AND HORROR CONTEMPORARY WRITERS JOHN UPDIKE TRUMAN CAPOTE JOYCE CAROL OATES STEPHEN KING FUTURE WHAT NEW FORMS OF LITERATURE MIGHT EMERGE IN THE FUTURE? IN WHAT WAYS HAS THE INTERNET BEGUN TO AFFECT AMERICAN WRITING? IN WHAT WAY(S) DO YOU FORESEE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION AFFECTING THE LITERATURE OF TOMORROW?