Download Chapter 24 - HCC Learning Web

Chemistry: The Central Science, 13e (Brown et al.)
Chapter 24 The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
24.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline?
A) water
B) NaNO3
C) HCl
D) hexane
E) NaCl
2) If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of
hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.
4) How many isomers are possible for C4H10?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10
5) How many isomers are possible for C5H12?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10
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6) The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7) When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is
called ________.
A) gas
B) gasoline
C) kerosene
D) paraffin
E) asphalt
8) What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead ((C2H5)4Pb) as an antiknock agent in gasoline?
A) aromatic compounds
B) olefins
C) fluorochlorocarbons
D) paraffins
E) oxygenated hydrocarbons
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9) How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for C 5H10?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 10
E) 12
10) How many isomers of C2H2Cl2 are polar?
A) none
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) It is impossible to tell without more information.
11) Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?
A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms.
B) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.
C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.
D) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.
E) Alkenes can be polymerized.
14) Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional
group. ________ is the general formula of an alcohol.
A) R—O—R
B) R—CO—R
C) R—CO—OH
D) R—OH
E) R—CO—H
15) Which one of the following is not an alcohol?
A) acetone
B) glycerol
C) ethanol
D) cholesterol
E) ethylene glycol
16) The oxidation of ethanol produces ________.
A) acetic acid
B) formic acid
C) citric acid
D) lactic acid
E) oxalic acid
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17) Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH 3CH2CH2CH2OH?
A) CH3CH2CH2OH
B)
C)
D)
E) CH3OH
18) Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom?
A) ketones
B) alcohols
C) ethers
D) esters
E) water
19) Of the compounds below, ________ is an isomer of
A)
B)
C)
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D)
E)
20) Which structure below represents a ketone?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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21) Which structure below represents an amine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
22) Which structure below represents an aldehyde?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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23) Which structure below represents an ether?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
24) Which structure below is not correctly drawn?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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25) Which one of the following molecules is chiral?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
26) How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane) have?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
27) How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHClCH2CH2CHBrCH3?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
28) Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups?
A) ester and amine
B) amine and carboxylic acid
C) alcohol and carboxylic acid
D) alcohol and amine
E) ester and carboxylic acid
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30) The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by ________ bonds.
A) hydrogen
B) dipole-dipole
C) ion-dipole
D) covalent
E) all of the above
31) Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) none of the above
32) Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) amino acids
E) salts
1) Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*) in CH3-*CH2-CH3, *CH2 CH2, and CH3-*C≡CH is ________,
________, and ________, respectively.
A) sp3, sp2, sp
B) sp3, sp, sp2
C) sp, sp2, sp3
D) sp, sp3, sp2
E) sp2, sp3, sp
2) Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called ________.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
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D) alkanes
E) ketones
3) What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
D) alkanes
E) ketones
4) The simplest alkyne is ________.
A) ethylene
B) ethane
C) acetylene
D) propyne
E) benzene
5) The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by ________.
A) ion-dipole attraction
B) dipole-dipole attraction
C) London forces
D) hydrogen bonding
E) ionic bonding
6) Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called ________.
A) alkanes
B) aromatic hydrocarbons
C) alkynes
D) alkenes
E) olefins
7) Alkynes always contain a ________.
A) C C bond
B) C≡C bond
C) C—C bond
D) C H bond
E) C≡H bond
8) Alkenes always contain a ________.
A) C C bond
B) C≡C bond
C) C-C bond
D) C H bond
E) C≡H bond
9) The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is ________.
A) octahedral
B) square planar
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal pyramidal
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10) The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is ________.
A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 9
E) 12
11) Cyclohexane has ________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
12) How many structural isomers of heptane exist?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 9
13) The general formula of an alkane is ________.
A) C2nH2n+2
B) CnH2n
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnH2n-2
E) CnHn
14) Alkanes with ________ to ________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.
A) 2, 3
B) 5, 12
C) 1, 5
D) 9, 15
E) 20, 60
15) Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is ________.
A) less dense than water
B) less viscous than water
C) nonpolar and water is polar
D) volatile and water is not
E) polar and water is nonpolar
16) Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas ________ is assigned an octane number of 0.
A) methane
B) propane
C) benzene
D) heptane
E) nitrous oxide
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17) The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about ________.
A) 0
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75
E) 93
18) Alkenes have the general formula ________.
A) CnH2n
B) CnH2n-2
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnHn
E) C2nHn
19) The compound below is an ________.
A) alkyne
B) alkene
C) alkane
D) aromatic compound
E) olefin
20) What is the name of the compound below?
A) 2,4-methylbutene
B) 2,5-dimethylpentane
C) 2,4-ethylbutene
D) 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene
E) 2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene
21) The name of CH3-CH C CH-CH-CH CH-CH3 is ________.
A) 2, 3, 5 - octatriene
B) 2, 5, 6 - octatriene
C) 2, 3, 6 - octatriene
D) 3, 5, 6 - octatriene
E) 3, 4, 7 - octatriene
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22) ________ could be the formula of an alkene.
A) C3H8
B) C3H6
C) C6H6
D) C17H36
E) CH8
23) In general, ________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) alkanes
D) cycloalkanes
E) olefins
26) How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
27) The general formula for an ether is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
28) Ethers can be made by condensation of two ________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water.
A) alkyne
B) alcohol
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) olefin
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29) The general formula of an aldehyde is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
30) The general formula of a carboxylic acid is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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31) The general formula of an ester is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
32)
is called a(n) ________.
A) amine
B) amide
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) ester
33) The compound below is a(n) ________.
A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) aldehyde
D) ester
E) amine
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34) The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is ________.
A) sp
B) sp3
C) sp2
D) d2sp3
E) sp4
35) Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called ________.
A) allotropes
B) geometrical isomers
C) enantiomers
D) cofactors
E) chiral compounds
36) The secondary structure of a protein is the result of ________ bonding.
A) covalent
B) peptide
C) ionic
D) hydrogen
E) none of the above
Answer: D
39) ________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver.
A) Lactose
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen
E) Sucrose
24.3 Algorithmic Questions
1) Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkane?
A) C9H20
B) C3H3
C) C4H6
D) C5H4
E) C3H6
2) Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkene?
A) C4H8
B) C5H5
C) C7H9
D) C3H8
E) C10H22
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3) Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane?
A) C5H10
B) C6H5
C) C3H5
D) C2H6
E) C10H22
5) What geometric shape will the structure of cyclohexane appear as when drawn as a line structure?
A) hexagon
B) heptagon
C) octagon
D) triangle
E) square
7) The correct name for the molecule CH3CH3 is ________.
A) ethane
B) propane
C) ethyl
D) propyne
E) butane
10) What is the general formula for an aldehyde?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
12) The suffix used for organic molecules containing the ketone functional group is ________.
A) -one
B) -oic acid
C) -oate
D) -amide
E) -ene
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24.4 Short Answer Questions
4) What is the name of the compound below?
Answer: 4-propyloctane
5) Write the formula for 2-methyl-4-propylnonane.
Answer:
6) What is the correct name for the compound, CH3CH2CH CHCH2CH CHCH3?
Answer: 2,5-octadiene
7) What is the name of the compound below?
Answer: 4,6-dimethyl-1-heptyne
Diff: 2
Var: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 24.3
14) What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3?
Answer: 3-hexanol
LO: 24.4
GO: G2
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