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Amphipodsasmodelstoinvestigatetoxicologyofenvironmentalcontaminantsattheland-sea interface GiselaUmbuzeiro,AlexFord,TheodoreHenry TuesdayMay24,2:00PM-4:00PM,SalleG+H Amphipodsfrequentlyliveinaquaticecosystemsthatarevulnerabletocontaminationbytoxic substancesandoccupynichesthatlinkbenthichabitatswithhighertrophiclevels.Amongthese criticalecosystemsareestuarineenvironmentsthatcombinecomplexityofthelandsea-interface withfresh-estuarine-marinewaters.Thoseecosystemsprovideimportantservicesthatinclude transportandtransformationoftoxicsubstancesreleasedfromhumanactivity,butthepresenceof thesetoxicantscannegativelyaffectorganismsintheseenvironments.Despitetheimportanceof estuarineenvironmentsandtheirvulnerabilitytoenvironmentaltoxicants,therearerelativelyfew organismsthathavebeendevelopedforecotoxicitytesting.Amphipodsareemergingasparticularly goodmodelsforecotoxicologyandtherehavebeensubstantialadvancementsmadein understandingamphipodgenomics,physiologyandtoxicologythatwillenhancetheabilityto establishthemasstandardizedmodels.Beingubiquitousandhugelyimportanttoavarietyof ecosystemsandtrophicinteractionsthisdiversegrouphasanaddedadvantageofanenormous depthofecologicalliteraturetoassistconnectingbiomarkerstopopulationleveleffects.Because theyliveinbenthichabitatstheybecomeparticularlyinterestinginnanotoxicology.Thissessionaims to1)explorerecentdevelopmentsofamphipodsasmodelsforecotoxicology;2)introducenew specieswithuniqueattributesthatenhanceabilitytoassesstoxicologyincriticalhabitats;3)describe standardizedmethodsforconductingecotoxicitytestingwithamphipodsincludinganalysisof biomarkers. Biomonitoringofcontaminantsinthemarineenvironment:integrationofbiologicalandchemical approaches KariK.Lehtonen,LuciaGuilhermino,KetilHylland,LarraitzGarmendia TuesdayMay24,10:50AM-12:50PM,SalleR0-B Thedevelopmentofintegratedbiological-chemicalmonitoringandassessmentofchemicalpollution hasbeenongoinginEuropeancoastalandoffshoreareasforclosetotwodecades.Anintegrated approachiswidelyseenasthemostreliablewaytogetaholisticpictureofthestatusofourseas withregardtocontaminants.Despitethesignificanttechnologicaladvancesandawealthofdata currentlyavailable,however,theimplementationofthemethodologiesinnationalandinternational monitoringhasbeenlimitedtosomecountriesandprogrammes.Someoftheissuesraisedrelateto theperceivedlackofecologicalrelevanceofthemeasuredbiologicalparameters,otherstothehigh costofsomemethods(e.g.,-omics),whileitisalsoconceptuallychallengingtocombinethedatain aneasilyinterpretableform.Inaddition,differentareasandhabitatsrequireamendmentstogeneral strategies:onesizedoesnotfitall. Theuseofbiologicaleffectsmethodssuchasbiomarkerscanclearlycontributetowardsdetecting andquantifyingenvironmentalimpactscausedbychemicalpollution,butthereisstillaneedto developlinkstopopulationeffects.Adverseoutcomepathways(AOP)haverecentlybeenidentified asatooltolinkchemicalpropertiesoftoxicantstospecificmoleculardamageandresponsesat higherbiologicallevels.Suchcontextualorprobabilisticapproachesbasedonknownmechanismsof toxicitycanprovideusefulmodelingtoolsfortheinterpretationoftherisklevelsindicatedby biomarkerdataandthelevelsofdifferentchemicalsmeasuredintheenvironment. Mixturetoxicityandtheeffectsofnon-chemicalfactors(suchastemperature,salinity,hypoxiaand acidity)willinthefutureproduceamatrixofinteractingfactorswhererealisticestimatesofhowany onefactoraffectsthefunctioningoforganismsandconceivablytheecosystemcanonlybereached byholisticassessmentofthehealthoftheindividualsthroughapplyingawell-designedsetof biologicaleffectparameters. Thecurrentsessionproposalinvitesresearcherstopresentnewdatarelatedtobiological-chemical monitoringwithrespectto(1)newmethodologiesandparametercombinations,(2)applicationof integrationmethodsondatasets,(3)tailoringofmonitoringstrategiesfordifferenttypesofneeds, (4)modelingoflinkagesbetweenobservedconcentrationsofcontaminantsthroughdamageon biomoleculesandfurtherupthebiologicallevelhierarchy,and,finally,(5)newapproachesand strategiesonhowtoimplementtheintegratedmethodologiesinmonitoringprogrammesonpolitical andpracticallevels. Developmentandapplicationofoxidativestressbiomarkersandmodelsinecotoxicologyand environmentalmonitoring JohanLundqvist TuesdayMay24,8:10AM-6:30PM,ExhibitionHall(Posteronlysession) Oxidativestressisinvolvedinawiderangeoftoxicologicalend-points(e.g.tissuetoxicity, genotoxicity,mutagenicity,carcinogenicityandteratogenicity).Thenuclearfactorerythroid2-related factor2(Nrf2)isaregulatorinthecellulardefenseagainstoxidantsandakeyeventintheoxidative stresspathwayisthereleaseofNrf2.Inaninvestigationoftheeffectsofmorethan300pesticideson nuclearreceptorsandtranscriptionfactors,theNrf2pathwaywasoneofthemostcommonly affectedtargetandactivatedbythelargestnumberofchemicals(Martinetal.,2010).Further,the Nrf2activitywashighlycorrelatedwithclassicaltoxicologicalendpoints. Akeymissioninthestrategyofusinginvitrobioassayinecotoxicologyandenvironmental monitoringistheestablishmentandselectionofsuitablebioassays.Thebioassaydevelopmenthas beenfocusedonfindingmoleculareventsthatareimportantforawiderangeoftoxicologicalendpointsandthatistriggeredbyalargenumberoftheknownhazardoussubstances.Basedonthe findingsdescribedabove,oxidativestressingeneralandNrf2activityinparticularhasbeen highlightedasverypromisingmoleculareventsforbioassayestablishments. Environmentalsamplesareoftenhighlycomplexmixturesofknownandunknownchemical compounds.Effect-drivenfractionationandchemicalanalysisisapromisingstrategywhereinvitro toxicityassaysleadsthewayintheidentificationoftoxiccompounds.Furthermore,invitrotoxicity testingcanbeavaluabletooltoassesthetotaltoxicityexertedbymixturesofchemicalcompounds. Duringthelastyears,awiderangeofmethodstostudyoxidativestressresponseandNrf2activity hasbeenpresented;e.g.geneexpressionstudiesofNrf2,geneexpressionstudiesofdownstream genesintheoxidativestresspathway(HO-1,NQO1,SODetcetera),Nrf2responsiveluciferase reporterassaysystemsandNrf2responsivegreenfluorescentproteintransgeniczebrafishes.Some, butnotall,oftheseassayshasalsobeenusedinecotoxicologyorenvironmentalmonitoringsettings. Theaimofthissessionistopresentanddiscussbiomarkersforoxidativestress,theircorrelationto toxicityendpointsinvariousorganismsandtheirapplicationineffect-drivenidentificationofnovel hazardouscompoundsintheenvironment. ToxicityTestinginSediments-BioassaysAsLinkBetweenChemistryandComplexBenthic CommunityTestingforSedimentQualityAssessment SebastianHöss,UteFeiler MondayMay23,10:50AM-12:50PM,Salle300 Sedimentsrepresentboth,amajorsinkandapotentialsourceofpersistenttoxicsubstancesinthe aquaticenvironment.Atthesametime,sedimentsplayakeyrolefortheecologicalstatusofaquatic ecosystems,astheyareahabitatofdiversecommunitiesandacompartmentofimportant biochemicaltransformations.Therefore,sedimentstudiesareverysuitableforhighlightingthe extent,thehistoryandthetrendofwaterpollution.Amongothers,toxicitycriteriaareusedto decideontheacceptabilityofdredgedmaterialrelocationwithinthewatersortheneedforother disposaloptions,whichmaybeconsiderablyhigherintheircosts.Therefore,thoroughsediment characterizationisessential. Atpresent,weight-of-evidenceapproaches,suchasthesedimentqualitytriad,arewidelyaccepted toassesstheecologicalriskofsediment-boundcontaminants.Besideschemicalanalysisandin-situ benthiccommunityassessment,toxicitytestingwithsinglespeciesrepresentsonelineofevidence (LoE),whichallowstoassesscause-effectrelationships.Whole-sedimentexposureprotocols representingrealisticscenariossimulatinginsituexposureconditionsaswellasaquaticbioassaysfor testingaqueousextractsorporewaterthatwereobtainedfromthesedimentsarecurrentlypartof theinternationalguidelinesfortheassessmentofsedimentanddredgedmaterial.OtherLoEs,linking chemicalandecologicalstatusofbenthichabitats,areeffect-basedsedimentqualityguidelines (SQG)thatarederivedfromtoxicityandbioticdata,aswellaspollutionsensitivebioticindices(e.g. SPEAR[%]index;NemaSPEAR[%]-index). Inthissessionwewouldliketogetanoverviewontheprosandconsofthedifferentapproachesand thebenefitsofWoEapproachesusingvariousLoEsforassessingsedimenttoxicity.Abstractsrelating sedimenttoxicitytestingwithotherLoEsforsedimentqualityassessmentarewelcome.