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Suggested Answers for Assignments, Chapter 23
Written Assignments
1. Students’ answers should include the following:

Functions of blood
o Maintaining homeostasis
o Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, heat, waste products, and hormones to
and from the cells
o Regulating pH, body temperature, and cellular
water content
o Protection from blood loss and foreign body
invasion

Functions of
o Red blood cells
o White blood cells (phagocytosis and chemotaxis)
o Platelets

Mechanism of blood clotting
o When tissue is injured, platelets break down and
cause the release of a chemical, thromboplastin,
which interacts with certain protein factors and
calcium ions to form prothrombin activator
o This activator then reacts with additional calcium
ions to convert the plasma protein prothrombin to
Learning Objective(s)
1, 3, 4, 5
thrombin
o Thrombin then converts the soluble plasma protein
fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin
o The threads of fibrin form a net to entrap RBCs
and platelets to form a clot
2. Students’ answers should include the following:

8
Flow chart explaining the following
o Process of lymphatic circulation

Lymph from the upper right quadrant of the
body drains into the right lymphatic duct

Remainder of the body’s lymph drains into the
left lymphatic duct, commonly known as the
thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct then
drain into the left subclavian vein at the base of
the neck, where lymph mixes with blood
plasma and becomes part of the general
circulation
3. Students’ answers should include the following:

Functions of the circle of Willis—blood supply to the
brain

Functions of the blood–brain barrier—protection via
selective permeability to substances
9
Group Assignments
1. Students’ answers should include the following:

Learning Objective(s)
2
Functions of the following plasma proteins:
o Albumin—osmotic pressure
o Fibrinogen—blood clotting
o Prothrombin—blood clotting
o Globulin—carriers
2. Students’ answers should include the following:

Laboratory results for values indicating cell counts

History and physical exam for blood type

Specific blood type and crossmatching results from the
2, 3, 6
laboratory
Clinical Assignments
1. Students’ answers should include the following:

Nursing assessments for hematologic and lymphatic
systems of an older adult client may include the
following:
o Assessing the aging adult for a weakened ability to
compensate for illness
o Assessing for evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding
before concluding that anemia is due to aging
Learning Objective(s)
12
o Monitoring closely for early signs of infection
Web Assignments
1. Students could visit the following Web sites for
Learning Objective(s)
10, 11
information on the following:

Anatomy of the spleen
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen
o http://iq.lycos.co.uk/tags/Human/anatomy/spleen/

Disorders related to the spleen
o http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec14/ch179/ch179a
.html
o http://www.ucsfhealth.org/childrens/medical_servi
ces/surgical/minimal/conditions/spleen/signs.html
o http://bjr.birjournals.org/cgi/content/full/74/884/76
7

Effects of the absence of the spleen
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen
o http://www.ihcworld.com/histowiki/doku.php?id=s
pleen
2. Students could visit the following Web sites for
information on the following:

ABO blood grouping system
o http://nobelprize.org/medicine/educational/landstei
6, 7
ner/readmore.html
o http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/B/BloodGroups.html

Rh factor blood grouping system
o http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0841716.html
o http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/Rh_system.htm

Blood transfusion
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusion
o http://nobelprize.org/medicine/educational/landstei
ner/readmore.html