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Group R14300 (Microfluidics) Background and Problem Statement Digital microfluidic devices (DMF) are devices that manipulate pico to nano liter sized volumes of fluid. They have been used in biomedical testing applications for the purpose of finding biomarkers. Biological protocols such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) are used to find these biomarkers. Microfluidic devices can enable more effective and faster medical diagnostics where access to normally large testing machines is limited or nonexistent, such doctor’s offices, battlefields and third world countries. We expect this project to contribute to the portability and speed of medical diagnostic devices while reducing the costs associated with production and testing. Droplet manipulation can be achieved by thermal, acoustic, chemical, and electrical means. Due to constraints imposed by some of these methods, Dr. Schertzer’s digital microfluidic device manipulates droplets using electro-wetting. Currently, the system uses cleanroom fabricated devices controlled by a National Instruments control system. Objectives for this project include: making a small, application specific control system with feedback, reducing fabrication costs, and having the system be in a user-friendly, portable package. Definitions: Biomarkers Proteins that are prevalent in specific diseases Biological Protocols Specific tests and procedures to find ELISA Benchmark testing to quantify pathological antigens Electro-wetting By changing the voltages between neighbouring electrodes, droplets can be generated,transported,split,merged and processed. These unit operations are freely programmable for each individual droplet by the enduser enabling online control of an assay. Resources: [1] Colin, Stéphane. Microfluidics. London, UK: ISTE ;, 2010. Print. [2] Tesař, Václav. Pressure-driven microfluidics. Boston: Artech House, 2007. Print. [3] Bilgin, Alp, et al. "Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Nanofluid Actuation With Dynamic Magnetic Fields." ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASME, 2011. [4] Manoocheri, Kasra, and E. Du. "Development of a Microfluidic Mixer for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications With Active and Passive Actuations." ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASME, 2010. [5] Chakraborty, Debapriya, and Suman Chakraborty. "Microfluidic Transport and Micro-scale Flow Physics: An Overview." Microfluidics and Microfabrication. Springer US, 2010. 185. [6] Lequin, Rudolf M. "Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)/Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)." Clinical Chemistry 51.12 (2005): 2415-2418. [7] Cho, S. K., Moon, H., & Kim, C.-J. (2003). Creating, transporting, cutting, and merging liquid droplets by electrowetting-based actuation for digital microfluidic circuits. Journal Of Microelectromechanical Systems, 12(1), 70–80. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=1183744 [8]Mark, Daniel & Haeberle, Stefan & Roth Gunter & von Stetten, Felix & Zengerle, Roland (2009). “Microfluidic lan-on-a-chip platforms: requirements, characteristics and applications”
