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Cosmetic
Surgery
Definitions
Plastic Surgery:
- A medical specialty that uses a number of
surgical and nonsurgical techniques to change
the appearance and function of a person's body.
- the subspecialty dedicated to the surgical repair
of defects of form or function -- this includes
cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery, as well as
reconstructive surgery.
(recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties)
Definitions
Cosmetic Surgery:
- refers to surgery that is designed to improve
cosmetics, or appearance.
- enhances natural beauty. Skin, fat, and muscle
are surgically removed, repositioned, reshaped,
and/or tightened to rejuvenate, enhance,
improve appearance, and balance body
proportions.
Types of Cosmetic Surgery
* Abdominoplasty (or "tummy tuck"): reshaping and
firming of the abdomen
* Blepharoplasty (or "eyelid surgery"): Reshaping of the
eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner
* Mammoplasty
- Breast augmentation (or "breast enlargement" or "boob
job"): Augmentation of the breasts. This can involve
either saline or silicone gel prosthetics.
- Breast reduction: Removal of skin and glandular tissue.
Indicated to reduce back and shoulder pain or for
psychological benefit in women with macromastia.
- Breast lift (Mastopexy): Lifting or reshaping of breasts
to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a
pregnancy, for example). It involves removal of breast
skin as opposed to glandular tissue.
Types of Cosmetic Surgery
* Buttock Augmentation (or "butt augmentation" or "butt
implants"): Enhancement of the buttocks. This
procedure can be performed by using silicone implants
or fat grafting and transfer from other areas of the
body.
* Chemical peel: Minimizing the appearance of acne, pock,
and other scars as well as wrinkles (depending on
concentration and type of agent used, except for deep
furrows), solar lentigines (age spots, freckles), and
photodamage in general. Chemical peels commonly
involve carbolic acid (Phenol), trichloroacetic acid
(TCA), glycolic acid (AHA), or salicylic acid (BHA) as
the active agent.
* Labiaplasty: Surgical reduction and reshaping of the
labia
Types of Cosmetic Surgery
* Otoplasty (or ear surgery): Reshaping of the ear
* Rhytidectomy (or "face lift"): Removal of
wrinkles and signs of aging from the face
* Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (or liposuction):
Removal of fat from the body
* Chin augmentation: Augmentation of the chin
with an implant (e.g. silicone) or by sliding
genioplasty of the jawbone.
WHY??
Basic reasons:
- To become beautiful / enhance
one’s beauty
- Increase self confidence / self
esteem
- Fad
Quick Facts 2007
From 2006-2007, there was a 2% increase in the total number of cosmetic
procedures. Surgical procedures increased by 8%, and nonsurgical
procedures increased by 1 percent.
Since 1997, there has been a 457% increase in the total number of cosmetic
procedures. Surgical procedures increased by 114%, and nonsurgical
procedures increased by 754%.
The top five surgical cosmetic procedures in 2007 were: liposuction (456,828
procedures); breast augmentation (399,440 procedures); eyelid surgery
(240,763 procedures); abdominoplasty (185,335 procedures); and breast
reduction (153,087 procedures).
The top five nonsurgical cosmetic procedures in 2007 were: Botox injection
(2,775,176 procedures); hyaluronic acid (1,448,716 procedures); laser hair
removal (1,412,657 procedures); microdermabrasion (829,658 procedures);
and IPL laser treatment (647,707 procedures).
Women had nearly 10.6 million cosmetic procedures, 91% of the total. The
number of cosmetic procedures for women increased 1% from 2006.
Men had nearly 1.1 million cosmetic procedures, 9% of the total. The number of
cosmetic procedures for men increased 17% from 2006.
Implants for young women under the age of 18 have tripled in the last five
years.
Americans spent just under $13.2 billion on cosmetic procedures last year
(2006).
Risks of Cosmetic Surgery
- Infection of area worked on and a general
infection of the body if smaller infections
are not cared for properly
- Embolism may occur when fat is loosened
and enters the blood through blood vessels
ruptured (broken) during liposuction.
- Skin death or "necrosis"
Risks of Cosmetic Surgery
- Loss of sensation on any part that is cut /
removed (when the flesh is cut / removed,
nerve endings are also cut)
- Auto immune like symptoms are also
present in some women who have received
implants
- Opposite results
- Fetus death
- Death (at least 3 deaths in every 100,000
procedures can be seen)
(for those who were fooled by fake doctors)
(example from TV Patrol)
Moral or Immoral?
Changing one’s appearance isn’t, in general,
immoral. People change the color of their
hair, whiten their teeth, women put on
make-up, and the like are some of the
things people do to feel good about
themselves. But when people cross the
line, cosmetic surgery becomes immoral.
Here are some of the reasons that make
cosmetic surgery immoral:
When is it Immoral?
- When a person is being coerced to have procedure (by
parents, husband, etc) and the doctor/s is/are aware of
this but performs regardless.
- When it is done to avoid justice or other deceptive
reason (ie Pt is a fugetive and wanting to disguise his
looks to evade police).
- When it is against the patient's best interest (they're
unhealthy and not fit for major surgery) and the
doctor/s is/are aware but performs anyway.
- When an underage patient is getting a breast
augmentation. (For crying out loud, they’re still developing!)
- After numerous surgeries on one part (ie nose) and the
patient is still not satisfied.
- Patients that finance their surgeries while being unable
to afford basics for their family--good nutrition, health
care, school supplies, safe housing, etc.
- When it becomes an obsession.
Always remember…
Cosmetic surgery
deals in
improvement--not
in perfection.