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Bioactive Carbohydrates: Structures and Functionalities
Steve W. Cui1, Shaoping Nie2, Aled O. Phillips, Mingyong Xie2 and Glyn O. Phillips3
1: Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
2: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang,
Jiangxi, China
3: Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, Glyndŵr University, UK
ABSTRACT
Many polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with specific structural features have been
reported to exhibit bioactivities such as anti-cancer properties, immune stimulatory effects, and
behaved as anti-oxidants and/or anti-diabetics. The members of the International Complex
Carbohydrate Consortium (ICCC) have been studying several such polysaccharides isolated
from traditional herbs with known medicinal effects. However, many traditional hydrocolloids
share the similar structural features with those from herbs. The question we should ask is: do
the traditional hydrocolloids have bioactivities?
We understood that all natural hydrocolloids are classified as soluble dietary fibre which
exerts health benefits through the definition of dietary fibre. However, few traditional
hydrocolloids, such as gum arabic, alginates and pectins or their derivatives have been
reported to exhibit specific bioactivities related to human health. The objective of current
presentation is to examine the structural differences and similarities of bioactive
polysaccharides from herbs and traditional hydrocolloids (mainly using their viscosity,
emulsifying and gelling properties in the food and pharmaceutical industry). This approach may
provide new directions and potentials for traditional hydrocolloids.
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