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Lab 13 - Lab Exam 2 A&P I Review Sheet for Lab Exam 2 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System Use the Figures in Exercise 15 and the keys to the models to identify the following muscles. The identification and major action of each muscle. Use the tables in the lab manual for the actions - do not use the keys or other materials you may find in the lab. If a muscle has more than one action, learn the most obvious one. You don't need to learn every action for every muscle. Appendage models are in a cabinet, just ask for them. Ventral Muscles of the Trunk and Neck (Generally) external oblique rectus abdominis internal oblique serratus anterior pectoralis major sternocleidomastoid pectoralis minor transversus abdominis platysma Dorsal Muscles of the Trunk and Neck, Generally deltoid rhomboid major erector spinae rhomboid minor infraspinatus subscapularis latissimus dorsi supraspinatus teres major teres minor trapezius Muscles of the Head and Neck epicranius (occipital belly) epicranius (frontal belly) masseter orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris temporalis zygomaticus major Muscles of the Upper Limb (Generally) biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum (forearm) flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus triceps brachii – lateral, medial, and long heads Muscles of the Lower Limb (Generally) adductor longus adductor magnus biceps femoris extensor digitorum longus gastrocnemius gluteus maximus gluteus medius gracilis pectineus rectus femoris sartorius semimembranosus semitendinosus soleus tensor fasciae latae tibialis anterior vastus lateralis vastus medialis • • Know the major action of each muscle. Use the text or the lab manual for the actions. Know the general location and action of muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm and forearm, anterior, medial and posterior compartments of the thigh, and anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of the leg. (Use Text Figure 10.17 and 10.24 in 7e, 10.17 and 10.25 in 8e) Muscle Histology Identify terms in Figures 14.1 - 14.6 Identify the following slides • smooth muscle (cell, nucleus) • cardiac muscle (cell, nucleus, striations, intercalated discs) • skeletal muscle (cell, nucleus, striations, fascicle) • neuromuscular junction (striations, axons, axon terminals) . Computer Simulation • Interpret data from the skeletal muscle computer simulation. • Interpret data from unfused tetanus, recruitment and fatigue experiment. Brain and Spinal Cord Identify terms on Figure 17.1 • astrocytes • ependymal cell • microglial cell • oligodendrocyte Identify on Figure 17.2 • nucleus • cell body • nucleolus • Schwann cell • axon • node of Ranvier • axon terminals • Nissl bodies • collateral branch • axon hillock Identify on Figure 17.8 • axon • myelin sheath • endoneurium • perineurium • epineurium • fascicle • blood vessels Identify on slides • multipolar neuron of spinal cord (cell body, nucleus, nucleolus, processes, Nissl bodies) • nerve (nodes of Ranvier, fascicle) External Anatomy of Brain - from models and figures in lab manual • brain stem • longitudinal • optic tracts fissure • central sulcus • parietal lobe • mammillary • cerebellum • pituitary gland bodies • cerebral • pons • medulla oblongata hemispheres • postcentral gyrus • occipital lobe • corpora • precentral gyrus • olfactory bulbs quadrigemina • sulci and tracts • frontal lobe • temporal lobe • optic chiasma • gyri • optic nerves • lateral sulcus Internal Anatomy - from models and figures in lab manual • arbor vitae • hypothalamus • basal nuclei (as a group) • intermediate mass of thalamus (interthalamic adhesion) • cerebral aqueduct • pineal body • choroid plexus • white matter • corpus callosum • fornix • gray matter Membranes - Figure 19. 7 • dura mater (two layers) • arachnoid mater • pia mater Ventricles - Figure19. 8 • location of ventricles • route of circulation of spinal fluid Cranial nerves • identify on Lab Manual Fig. 19. 9 • information from chart on handout • • subarachnoid space arachnoid villi Identify on Sheep Brain • arbor vitae • cerebellum • cerebral aqueduct • cerebral hemispheres • cerebral peduncles • corpora quadrigemina • corpus callosum • dura mater • • • • • • • • • fornix gray matter intermediate mass of thalamus mammillary body medulla midbrain olfactory bulb olfactory tract optic chiasma • • • • • • • • optic nerve, optic tract pia mater pineal body pituitary gland pons ventricles white matter Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Identify on Figure 21.1 • Cauda equina • Cervical enlargement • Cervical spinal nerves • Lumbar enlargement Identify on Figure 21.2 • anterior horn • arachnoid mater • central canal • dorsal root • • • • • • • • • • • • dura mater gray matter lateral horns pia mater Identify on Figure 21.5 • brachial plexus • cervical plexus Identify on Figure 21.6 • phrenic nerve Identify on Figure 21.7 • median nerve • musculocutaneous nerve Identify on Figure 21.8 • femoral nerve Identify on Figure 21.9 • sciatic nerve Identify on model of spinal cord • gray matter Lumbar spinal nerves Sacral spinal nerves Thoracic spinal nerves white matter • • lumbar plexus sacral plexus • • radial nerve ulnar nerve • posterior horn spinal nerve ventral root white matter central canal Special Senses, Vision Identify on models and Figures 24.1, 24.2, and 24.3 • • • • • • • • anterior segment anterior chamber aqueous humor choroid ciliary body conjunctiva cornea extrinsic eye • • • • • • muscles in general iris lacrimal apparatus lens nasolacrimal duct optic disc optic nerve Recognize equipment for and be familiar with tests for • blind spot • color blindness • astigmatism • near point accommodation • visual acuity Identify on the cow eye • ciliary body • cornea • extrinsic muscle attachments (in general) • vitreous body Special Senses, Hearing Identify on Figure 25.1 and models • auditory tube • • auricle or pinna • • cochlea • • external acoustic • meatus • • incus • • inner ear • • • • • • • • • • • • • malleus middle ear external ear semicircular canals stapes tympanic membrane patellar reflex learned reflex • • • iris lens optic disc optic nerve pupil • • posterior segment pupil retina sclera suspensory ligaments vitreous body retina sclera tapetum lucidum vestibule vestibulocochlear nerve (vestibular and cochlear nerves)
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