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WESTERN
IMPERIALISM
Q.1. (A) Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
*1.
*2.
*3.
*4.
*5
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
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In 1615 A.D the British obtained permission to start a factory at .................
(Sept. ’09)
(Mumbai, Surat, Madras)
The British obtained permission to start a factory at Surat, from emperor
.................
(Shahajahan, Jahangir, Akbar)
Africa was called as ................. (March ’08)
(The province of slaves, The dark continent, The backward territory)
During the years 1740 A.D-1761 A.D the internal politics gave rise to
confrontation between the French and the British in ................. Province.
(Central, Carnatic, Bengal)
................. was known as the hermit nation. (Sept. ’08)
(India, China, Japan)
Territorial expansion is called ................. (March ’09)
(Imperialism, Militarism, Capitalism)
After the battle of Plassey ................. grabbed from the Nawab of Bengal
a sum of Rs.23 lakhs as a reward for himself.
(Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis, Lord Wellesly)
................. of agriculture resulted in shortage of essential food grains.
(Commercialisation, decentralisation, Centralisation)
The first Anglo-Chinese war concluded by signing Treaty of .................
(Canton, Nanking, Taiping)
................. was basically an expression of anti-foreign feeling in China.
(Boxer Rising, Open door Policy, Taiping Rebellion)
In 1853, ................. an American Naval officer first entered into Japan.
(March ’10)
(Commodore Perry, Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis)
England declared that ................. was her sphere of influence.
(Niger Valley, Senegal Valley, Ethiopia)
England took over Egypt under the pretext of providing security to
.................
(Suez Canal, Port of fiume, Canton Port)
A constant interference in trade and religious matters by westerners led
to ................. in 1900 in China.
(Boxer Rising, Taiping Rebellion, Open door policy)
The ................. conference on Africa declared the principle of ‘Effective
Control’.
(Hague, Paris, Berlin)
The activities of the westerners in China were initially confined to the
port of .................
(Shanghai, Canton, Hong Kong)
Barring Ethiopia and ................., the rest of the African territories were
under the European powers.
(Algiers, Morocco, Liberia)
SCHOOL SECTION
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(B)
Match the Following :
I
1.
2.
3.
‘A’ Group
Boxer Rising
First Anglo-Chinese war
Treaty of Nanking
HISTORY
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Group
1840
1900
1842
1848
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Group
Goa, Diu and Daman
Whole of India
Nepal
Mahe, Carical, Chandranagar and
Pondicherry
‘B’
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Group
Battle of Plassey
Exploration of Africa
Nawab of Bengal
The first American to enter Japan
The first American to enter China
Ans. (1- b), (2 - a), (3 - c)
II
1.
2.
3.
‘A’ Group
The Portuguese
The French
The British
Ans. (1 - a), (2 - d), (3 - b)
III
1.
2.
3.
‘A’ Group
Commodore Perry (Sept. ’10)
Robert Clive
Livingstone
Ans. (1 - d), (2 - a), (3 - b)
Q.2
Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words.
*1. What is imperialism ?
(Sept. ’08)
Ans. 1) History of the world is replete with examples of powerful and ambitious
rulers who had expanded their kingdom beyond their national
boundaries.
2) They built empires by annexing the neighbouring regions as well as
distant lands. The Greek and the Roman empires of ancient times
are well known.
3) This kind of territorial expansion is called imperialism.
4) Imperialism, in its conventional form, was chiefly motivated by a desire
to satiate one’s own national pride and to show off military prowess.
*2. What is economic imperialism?
(March ’08, ’10)
Ans. 1) From the 17th century onwards, especially due to the industrial
revolution, a new type of imperialism came into existence.
2) The main aim of this new imperialism of westerners was constantly
to secure more and more economic gains for their nation through
trade and other means.
3) This was achieved by political and economic domination of the foreign
lands.
4) This new form of imperialism is referred to as ‘Economic Imperialism’.
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HISTORY
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*3. How did the imperialist powers impose their culture on Asia and Africa?
Ans. 1) The Europeans claimed that they had come to civilize the ‘savage’
people of Asia and Africa.
2) They also aimed at the spread of Christianity.
3) By using their political power they started cultural domination of
these lands.
4) In this way the imperialist powers tried to impose their culture on
Asia and Africa.
*4. How did the British secure Diwani rights in Bengal ?
(March ’10)
Ans 1) In Bengal, the British and the Nabab of Bengal were at logger- heads
on the issue of trade concessions to be given to the East India Company.
2) In the battle of Plassey, the British defeated the Nabab of Bengal in 1757.
3) This victory, opened floodgates for the British in India’s politics.
4) Later on they secured Diwani rights (rights to collect the revenues)
in Bengal.
Thus for all practical purposes, the British became the masters of Bengal.
*5. How did the British exploit India economically?
(Sept. ’09)
Ans. 1) The British traders used to buy goods in India at cheaper rates and
sell them in Europe at exorbitantly high rates. The British traders
resorted to a tariff – war, they forced their own government to levy
increased custom duty on imports from India.
2) The officers of East India Company were paid huge sums of salary
and allowances.
3) Availability of foreign goods at cheaper rates, led to the decay of
indigenous village industries.
4) Commercialization of agriculture resulted in shortage of essential
food grains and losses to Indian farmers. With huge investment in
Indian industries the British pocketed a big chunk of profits. Thus
India was exploited economically by the British.
*6. Which restrictions were put on the foreigners by China?
Ans. 1) The western people were regarded by China as barbarians.
2) Therefore, their activities in China were confined to Canton port.
3) The eight point regulations issued by China put a number of
restrictions on foreigners so as to prevent them from directly
communicating with the local people.
4) Also the foreigners entering China had to kneel before the Chinese
emperors.
Thus the Chinese put many restrictions on the foreigners.
*7. Write a note on the ‘Boxer Rising’.
Ans. 1) To avoid the actual political division of China and to enjoy the economic
benefits, the United States declared the ‘Open Door Policy’ in 1899. It
stated that all countries would have equal rights to trade any where
in China.
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HISTORY
2)
A constant interference in trade and religious matters by the westerners
proved to be a major factor in creating discontent among the Chinese.
3) They gave expression to all this resentment in the form of ‘Boxer
Rising’ (1900). It was clearly an anti-foreign reaction.
4) It was suppressed and China was looted by the imperialist powers.
*8. How did Japan turn imperialist ?
Ans. 1) Japan, the ‘Land of the Rising Sun’, was an isolated country that
was closed to foreigners.
2) In 1853, Commodore Perry, an American naval officer, first entered into
Japan and commercial treaty was forced on her by the United States.
Five Japanese ports were opened to Americans.
3) After the strong resistance, opposition to western influence in Japan
weakened. Imperialist powers, through many concessions, started
exploiting Japan.
4) But soon the Japanese learnt their lessons, modernized their country
and emerged powerful. Japan, a victim of imperialism, soon turned
herself imperialist.
Q.3
Give Reasons for the following statements in 20 to 25 words each.
*1. The Africans were subjected to many restrictions.
Ans. 1) ‘A scramble for Africa’ began by the end of the 19th century. Barring
Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest of African territories were soon under
the control of one or the other European power like England, France,
Belgium, Italy, Germany and Spain.
2) These Europeans acquired value-laden mines like diamonds and gold.
3) They provided the dark continent with facilities such as the railways
and roads.
4) In exchange of these facilities the Africans were subjected to hut tax
and poll tax and cumbersome forced labour.
Thus the Africans were subjected to many restrictions.
*2. The Europeans become inquisitive about the African continent.
Ans. 1) In the beginning of the 19 th century, European contacts with Africa
on account of its slave trade were limited to the coastal regions.
2) Europeans never deemed it necessary to cross into the interior. Hence
it was called “The Dark Continent”.
3) Later on adventurers like Stanley, Living stone, Baker explored the
valleys of the four major rivers in Africa, viz. the Nile, the Niger, the
Congo and the Zambezi.
4) Their travels accounts made the Europeans more inquisitive about
the African continent.
*3. The western countries became keen to make investments in China.
Ans. 1) After the second Anglo-Chinese war, foreigners were allowed to travel
into the interiors of China and trade concessions were granted to
western powers like Britain, France, Germany and Russia.
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HISTORY
2)
3)
4)
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After the Sino-Japanese war in 1894-1895, a scramble for further
concession was witnessed.
Also the ‘Open Door Policy’ declared by the United States (1899) gave
equal rights to all countries to trade anywhere in China.
Therefore the powers who were initially interested mainly in trade
and commerce then became keen to make investment in China.
*4. East India Company began to maintain small troops of its own. (March ’09)
Ans. 1) Initially British East India Company had restricted itself to trading
activity alone in India.
2) Due to political instability in India in the following years, the British
started dabbling in Indian politics.
3) Internal peace was necessary for uninterrupted trade.
4) They also hoped that political mastery would help them in securing
concessions conducive to the promotion of their trade.
Therefore the East India Company began to maintain small troops of its own.
Q.4
Answer each of the following question in 30 to 40 words.
*1. Explain the background of Imperialist Race.
Ans. 1) The progress in navigation in the 15 th century and the series of
geographical discoveries initiated by the Europeans prepared the
ground for spread of economic imperialism.
2) The renascent spirit had inspired the Europeans to conquer new heights.
3) They set out ships in all directions and discovered new sea routes
and unknown lands to the east and west of Europe.
4) The discoverers were followed by the traders.
5) They reached new the Asian and African frontiers.
6) Among all the European powers the British penetration proved to be
more effective.
*2. How did the British increased their trade in India? (March ’09, ’10)
Ans. 1) The British who had come to India for trade, started dabbling in Indian
politics. Their political control over India helped them in securing
trade concessions.
2) To increase their trade further, they used all legal and illegal means.
3) After industrial revolution the British goods had to compete with
Indian goods.
4) The British traders resorted to a tariff-war and they forced their own
government to levy custom duty on imports from India.
5) This led to total stoppage of exports from India to England (eg. Muslin
cloth or Malmal of Dacca).
6) On the other hand the British cloth began to flood the Indian markets.
Thus the British traders used all possible deceitful means to increase
their trade in India.
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HISTORY
*3. How did the British economically exploit the Chinese?
(Sept. ’08)
Ans. 1) In 1840, a war broke out between China and Britain on the issue of
opium trade which China wanted to stop.
2) The war concluded by singing of the Treaty of Nanking (1842) which
imposed many economic conditions on China.
3) Hong-Kong was ceded to Britain which provided a permanent trading
base to Britain.
4) Five more ports were opened for British trade.
5) China had to pay a war indemnity of twenty one million dollars to Britain.
6) The treaty signed after the second Anglo-Chinese war granted more
trade concessions and low tariff duties to Britain.
In this way the British exploited China economically.
*4. How did a scramble for Africa begin in earnest ?
Ans. 1) European powers had hardly used military strength as the local chiefs
did not oppose but, after 1880, the situation in Africa changed radically.
2) Belgium and Germany showed keen interest in imperialism in Africa.
3) This gave a sense of urgency to the European powers in acquiring
African territories.
4) England took over Egypt under the pretext of providing security to the
Suez Canal.
5) The principle of ‘Effective Control’ declared in the Berlin conference
on Africa gave further impetus to partition of Africa.
6) Except Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest of the` African territories came
under the control of one or the other European power like England,
Italy, Belgium and Spain.
*5. How did the British exploit India after 1858?
Ans. 1) British crown assumed the reigns of Indian administration after
Queen’s Proclamation of 1858.
2) The financial burdern on account of fat salaries and allowances of
the British officers, their luxurious bungalows, lavish facilities, and
their pensions after retirement when they returned to England were
borne by India. Budget on military establishment was also a charge
on Indian revenue.
3) A levy of land revenue at increased rate had to be paid in cash to the
new regime, which increased the indebtedness of the farmers.
4) Availability of foreign goods at cheap rates led to the decay of
indigenous village Industries.
5) Due to political change the artists and craftsmen lost their patronage.
6) The British showed some interest in developing industries in India.
But the major share of investment was of the British capitalists who
pocketed a big chunk of profit.
Thus India suffered great economic exploitation at the hands of the British
rulers.
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HISTORY
Q.5
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Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words.
*1. Give an account of how British increased their empire in India.
Ans. The British who had come to India for establishing her trading contacts,
succeeded in conquering India.
(1) The East India Company in India :
i) The East India Company had come to India for her economic
exploitation.
ii) They obtained permission from Emperor Jahangir to start a factory
in 1615 A.D.
iii) They gradually began to spread to all corners of India.
(2) The political domination over India :
i) The East India Company that had restricted itself to trading activity
alone till 1740 AD, started dabbling in Indian politics in the
following years.
ii) They hoped that political mastery would help them in securing
concessions conducive to the promotion of their trade.
iii) The company also maintained small troops of its own for the same.
(3) The Carnatic wars :
Mutual bickering arising out of trade and internal politics in court of
Carnatic Nabab, during the years 1740 AD -1761 AD, gave rise to
confrontation between the French and the British. In the third
Carnatic War, the British gave a decisive blow to the French.
(4) The battle of Plassey :
i) In Bengal the British and Nabab of Bengal were at logger-heads
on the issue of trade concession to be given to the East India
Company.
ii) In the battle of Plassey, the British defeated the Nabab of Bengal
in 1757.
iii) This victory opened floodgates for the British in India’s politics.
(5) Expansion of British rule in India :
i) In the course of time the British had to fight the Mysore rulers
and Marathas.
ii) By 1818 the British subjugated almost all of India.
iii) The remaining princely state were either annexed later or existed
only in name.
(6) Transfer of power :
i) After the war of independence in 1857, The East India Company’s
rule was replaced by the British Crown.
In this way British increased their empire in India and continued economic
exploitation of India.
*2. Explain the effects of the imperialist policy on the Indian economy.
(March ’10)
Ans. The British imperialist policy severely affected Indian economy in the
following ways:
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HISTORY
(1) Deceitful trade :
i) The British traders used to buy goods in India at cheaper rates and
sell them in Europe at exorbitantly high prices.
ii) To compete with Indian goods the British traders resorted to tariffwar. They forced their own government to levy custom duty on imports
from India.
iii) Such a policy adversely affected the trade of Indian muslin cloth
(Malmal) exported from Dacca to England. Between the years 17871817, the Indian muslin colth export totally stopped.
iv) On the otherhand, the British cloth began to flood Indian markets.
(2) Burden on Indian Treasury (Economic Drain) :
i) The officers of East India Company were paid fat salaries and
allowances, their luxurious bungalows, their pensions after retirement
when they returned to England were all borne by India.
ii) Budget on military establishment was also borne by India.
(3) Destruction of self sufficiency of villages :
i) Before the advent of the British all the villages were self – sufficient
as all their daily needs were met at village level.
ii) The British levied land revenue at increased rate to be paid in cash
which added to the indebtedness of the farmers.
(4) Decay of Indigenous industries :
i) Availability of foreign goods at cheap rates, decayed indigenous village
industries.
ii) Artists and craftsmen became unemployed and also lost patronage
due to political change.
(5) Commercialisation of agriculture :
i) The Indian farmers started commercialization of agriculture as it
meant instant availability of cash to the farmers. But in actuality
they were the losers because the crop prices were determined by the
British capitalist.
ii) It also resulted in shortage of essential food grains.
(6) Impact of British investment in industry :
i) The British capitalists invested heavily in developing Indian industries
and pocketed a major chunk of profit also.
Thus, the British used all possible means, legal and illegal, to exploit
India economically.
*3. Explain the process of the Partition of Africa.
Ans. (1) The African continent : The dark continent.
i) The interior of Africa was unknown till the middle of the 19th century.
ii) Whatever the contacts the Europeans had with Africa on account
of its slave trade limited to coastal regions only.
iii) But the travel account of adventurers like Stanley, Living stone,
Baker made the Europeans more inquisitive about the African
continent.
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(2) Growing European interest in Africa:
i) The Christian missionaries visited Africa for the spread of
Christianity.
ii) European countries offered military assistance to the tribal chief
for self protection.
iii) In exchange they gave up their territory to the Europeans.
iv) The Europeans encouraged the Africans to grow and export
groundnuts, cotton and palm oil.
(3) Imperialist race in Africa:
i) The imperialist power in Europe were engaged in rivalry in Africa.
ii) England declared that the Niger valley was her sphere of influence.
iii) The French started moving up the Senegal valley.
iv) The French influence was also increasing in Algiers, Morocco,
Tunis and Egypt.
(4) Scramble for Africa:
i) After 1880 the situation in Africa changed.
ii) Belgium and Germany showed keen interest in imperialism in
Africa.
iii) This gave a sense of urgency to the European powers in acquiring
African territories.
iv) England took over Egypt under the pretext of providing security to
the Suez Canal.
v) The principle of ‘Effective Control’ declared in The Berlin
Conference on Africa gave further impetus to partition of Africa.
vi) Except Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest of the African territories
came under control of one or the other European powers like
England, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Spain.
(5) Restrictions on Africa:
i) The Europeans acquired value laden mines like diamonds and
gold in Africa.
ii) They provided the Dark Continent with facilities like railways
and roads.
iii) In exchange, the Africans were subjected to hut-tax, poll tax and
cumbersome forced labour.
This conquest of Africa by the imperialist powers is known as the partition
of Africa.
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SCHOOL SECTION
S.S.C.
Marks : 20
CHAPTER 4 : WESTERN IMPERIALISM
HISTORY
SET - A
Duration : 1 hr.
Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate
2
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
1.
In 1615 A.D the British obtained permission to start a factory at
................. .
2.
(Mumbai,Surat, Madras)
Africa was called as ............... .
(The province of slaves,, The dark continent, The backward territory)
Q.2. Match the following :
3
'A' Group
'B' Group
1.
Commodore Perry
(a)
Battle of Plassey
2.
Robert Clive
(b)
Exploration of Africa
3.
Livingstone
(c)
Nawab of Bengal
(d)
The first American to enter Japan
4
Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)
1.
How did the imperialist powers impose their culture on Asia and Africa?
2.
How did the British secure Diwani rights in Bengal?
3.
Write a note on the 'Boxer Rising' ?
Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :
(Any 2)
1.
The Africans were subjected to many restrictions
2.
The Europeans become inquisitive about the African continent.
3.
East India Company began to maintain small troops of its own.
4
Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)
1.
How did the British increased their trade in India?
2.
How did the British economically exploit the Chinese?
Q.6. Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words : (Any 1)
1.
Give an account of how British increased their empire in India .
2.
Explain the effects of the imperialist policy on the Indian economy.
Best Of Luck 
3
4
S.S.C.
Marks : 20
CHAPTER 4 : WESTERN IMPERIALISM
SET - B
HISTORY
Duration : 1 hr.
Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate
2
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
1.
In 1853, ............... an American Naval officer first entered into Japan.
(Commodore Perry, Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis)
2.
The ............... conference on Africa declared the principle of 'Effective
Control'.
(Hague, Paris, Berlin)
Q.2. Match the following :
3
'A' Group
'B' Group
1.
Boxer Rising
(a)
1840
2.
First Anglo-Chinese war
(b)
1900
3.
Treaty of Nanking
(c)
1842
(d)
1848
4
Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)
1.
How did Japan turn Imperialist?
2.
What background led to Western Imperialism?
3.
How did British secure Diwani Rights?
Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :
(Any 2)
1.
Open door policy was implemented in China.
2.
East India Company started domination over Indian states.
3.
China attracted investments from western countries.
4
Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1) 3
1.
Describe cutting of Chinese melon.
2.
Describe the various forms of Domination led by the European
countries to colonize Asia & Africa.
4
Q.6. Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words : (Any 1)
1.
Write a note of Japan's imperialism.
2.
How did scramble of Africa begin in earnest?
Best Of Luck 