Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Rest of the Story… Reconstruction 20th and 21st Century Famous Virginians Name: ____________________ 1 Reconstruction Unit VS.8 a-c The student will demonstrate knowledge of the reconstruction of Virginia following the Civil War by: a) identifying the effects of Reconstruction on life in Virginia. b) identifying the effects of segregation and “Jim Crow” on life in Virginia for whites, African Americans, and American Indians. c) describing the importance of railroads, new industries, and the growth of cities to Virginia’s economic development. 2 Problems during Reconstruction The Civil War was very damaging to the United States, so it needed a time of recovery and rebuilding. This period of time was known as the Reconstruction. During this time, Congress passed laws designed to help rebuild the country and bring the southern states back into the Union. Reconstruction was especially difficult for Virginians. Virginia was a major battleground state during the Civil War. Out of 384 different major battles fought during the Civil War, 123 of them happened in Virginia! To give some comparison, the next state with the most battles was Tennessee with just 38 battles. The physical damage from these battles was great. Buildings had been burned, bridges torn down, and roads and railroads destroyed. Virginia’s state capital and the capital of the Confederacy, Richmond, had even been burned down at the end of the war. Fields and crops had been destroyed by the armies that marched over them. Land that had been worth $150 an acre now sold for only $2 an acre. Virginia was a mess! The physical damage that Virginia suffered was terrible, but the political and economic consequences were just as equally terrible. The Virginia “Rebels” along with the other southern states had organized their own Confederate government during the war. They had even created their own currency, or money. When the Civil War was over, the 3 Confederate government was abolished and replaced by military districts. It took many years for the southern states to be brought back into the Union. The Virginia economy was in complete ruins. The money printed by the Confederacy was completely worthless. Southern banks closed down because their money had no value. Virginia had no money to rebuild their damaged cities and farms. Virginia and other southern states had another problem to solve. Millions of freed African Americans needed housing, education, clothing, food and jobs. There were 350,000 freed slaves in Virginia alone! Laws passed after the Nat Turner Revolt made the education of slaves illegal, so very few slaves could read or write. They had no money or property and few job skills outside of farming. Although the slaves were now free, they had no homes, jobs, food, or money. The South was not in a position to help itself after the war, so it would be up to the North to help rebuild and bring these states back into the Union. This would not be an easy job. Many Southerners still did not want to be a part of the United States and many Northerners saw the Southerners as traitors after the war. Now, they were going to need to work together to make the United States a strong nation again. 4 Measures Taken to Resolve Problems In 1865, Congress created the Freedman’s Bureau as a way to help black slaves and poor whites in the south. This government agency helped build more than two hundred schools where over 50,000 African Americans were taught to read and write. It also provided food and medical care for freed African Americans and others in need. After the war, many African Americans and poor white farmers needed jobs. Farmers needed workers, but they did not have the money to pay them. The answer to both of these problems was a new system of agriculture called sharecropping. In sharecropping, a landowner provided workers with a piece of land, seed, and equipment. In return, the landowner got a share of the worker’s crop which was their “rent.” Once their rent was paid, they were free to use or sell the rest. Many sharecroppers could not grow enough to pay the rent and ended up deeply in debt to their landowners. Some called it “a second form of slavery.” Before Virginia would be able to officially rejoin the Union, it needed to write a new constitution. This new constitution would need to be approved by the US Congress. Some requirements of the new constitution were that Virginia had to outlaw slavery and give African American men the right to vote. Virginians voted on the new constitution in July 1869 5 and by January of 1870, Virginia officially rejoined the Union. Virginia representatives and Senators took their seats in the United States Congress in Washington, DC. Reconstruction was over for Virginia now that it was officially part of the Union once again. DIRECTIONS: Find the answers to the following questions in “Problems During Reconstruction” and “Measures Taken to Resolve Problems.” Then go back and underline or highlight the answers to these questions in the colors shown. GREEN: What was the Reconstruction? BLUE: What physical damage was done to Virginia after the war? YELLOW: What caused Virginia’s economy to be in ruins? RED: What things did the freed African Americans need? ORANGE: What was the Freedman’s Bureau? PURPLE: What was sharecropping? DIRECTIONS: Draw a picture to explain how sharecropping worked. 6 Reconstruction The period following the ______ War when Congress passed _______ designed to _______ the country and bring the ___________ states back to the Union is called ___________. Problems Faced by Virginians During Reconstruction Measures Taken to Resolve Problems During Reconstruction Millions of freed _____________ needed _______, The __________ ________was a government agency that provided __________, __________, ______, and ______. _______, _______, and _________ care for freed ________________ and others in Virginia. Virginia’s ___________ was in ruins. ● ________ had no value. ____________ - when freedmen and poor white farmers rented land from a ● ________ were closed. landowner by promising to pay the owner with a _________________. ● ____________, _______, ____________, and ______ were destroyed. 7 Rights of African Americans DURING Reconstruction After the Civil War, several amendments were added to the US Constitution that gave more rights to African Americans. In December of 1865, the thirteenth amendment was passed that officially abolished slavery in the United States. In 1868, the fourteenth amendment granted citizenship to all those born in the United States including slaves. And in 1870, African American men were granted the right to vote in the fifteenth amendment. During Reconstruction, around 2,000 African Americans were elected to different government positions – from local, to state, to federal. In Virginia, African Americans began to have some power in different government positions. John Mercer Langston, the son of a former slave, was elected to serve Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. The future was, for the first time, promising for many African Americas in Virginia. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DIRECTIONS: Write what each new amendment to the US Constitution did. 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment 8 Rights of African Americans AFTER Reconstruction Much of the change that occurred in the South was because the southern states were under Northern military rule after the Civil War. Once the military presence left; however, the freedoms and rights promised to African Americans were slowly taken away. “Jim Crow” laws were passed by southern states and African Americans began to experience harsh discrimination, or the unfair difference in the treatment of people. “Jim Crow” laws legally established segregation, or separation of the races, and reinforced prejudices held by whites. These laws had a negative effect on the lives of African Americans in many ways. Laws were passed that made it almost impossible for African Americans and poor whites to vote or hold public office. Unfair poll taxes and voting tests were established to keep African American men from voting. African Americans were forced to use separate poor quality services such as drinking fountains, restrooms and schools. “Jim Crow” laws also had an effect on American Indians. DIRECTIONS: Draw two examples of “Jim Crow” laws. Make a caption below your pictures. 9 segregation - ____________________________ __________________________________ discrimination - ___________________________ __________________________________ During Reconstruction… African Americans began to have __________ in Virginia’s _____________, and men of all races could ________. After Reconstruction… These gains were lost when “____________” Laws were passed by ________________. “Jim Crow” Laws established _____________ (or separation) of the ________ and reinforced ___________ held by whites. “Jim Crow” Laws ● Unfair _____ taxes and voting tests were established to keep African American _____ from _______. ● African Americans found it very difficult to ______ or to hold ________ ________. ● African Americans were forced to use separate poor-quality services such as _______________, _________, and ___________. ● African Americans and white children attended separate _________. ● “Jim Crow” Laws had an effect on __________________. 10 Transportation in Virginia For most of history, people could only travel as fast as their feet, their animals, or the wind could carry them. In the late 1800’s after the Civil War, this started to change. New inventions like steam and gas powered vehicles changed the way people traveled. Virginia’s cities began to grow with people, businesses, and factories. Railroads were a key to the expansion of business, agriculture, and industry. There had been a few scattered railroads throughout Virginia before the Civil War, but the few there were had been destroyed. After the Civil War, networks of railroads were built all over Virginia. Now Virginians were 1927 Roanoke, Virginia able to transport natural resources and manufactured products around Virginia and beyond. These connected railways helped expand business and agriculture which helped small towns grow into big cities. One example of this is the city of Now Roanoke. In 1881, Roanoke was known as Big Lick and fewer than 500 people lived there. Then a railroad was built through the town. By 1892 Big Lick changed its name to Roanoke and its population was over 25,000. Today almost 100,000 people live in Roanoke and it all started because of the railroad! 11 Railroads were not the only way people got around. The first car appeared on Virginia's streets in Norfolk in 1899. In 1910 there were 2,705 cars in Virginia and by 1916 that number had risen to more than 37,000. With all of these cars in Virginia, the quality and number of roads in Virginia was becoming an issue. Roads were so bad in Virginia that in 1921 the Automobile Club of America recommended that people in cars from New England (north of Virginia) find a A car being pulled out of a muddy road by horses. - 1917 way around Virginia when trying to get to Florida because the roads were so bad. More and better roads were definitely needed! The problem was that building these roads cost a lot of money and people couldn’t agree on how to pay for them. Some wanted to borrow money and others were against going into debt. Harry F. Byrd, a state senator from Winchester and future Governor of Virginia pushed for the Pay-AsYou-Go plan. This plan meant that the state would Building New Roads only build as many roads as they could pay for at the time without borrowing money. Gasoline was taxed in order to pay for road construction. This plan kept the state out of debt while improving the road system greatly in Virginia. The Pay-As-You-Go plan took longer than just borrowing the money, but Virginia made road construction a priority and was able to eventually improve their roads. 12 Changes that Boosted Virginia’s Economic Growth Virginia began to grow in many areas after the Civil War and Reconstruction. Virginia’s ________, __________ and __________. : _______________ ● Key to the expansion of _________, ● Helped the growth of ______ grew with ________, and ____________. _____ ______ to ________. ● Other parts of Virginia grew as other __________ developed. ● _______ deposits were discovered in ________ County. (The major industry of the Appalachian Plateau is __________!) ● The need for _____ and better ________ increased. ● ________ farming and _______ products became important Virginia _________. Growth of Industries in Virginia 13 Much of Virginia was in ruins after the Civil War. But in the late 1800s, Virginia industries began to recover. New railroads were built, new industries developed, and cities were growing. One industry that developed in Virginia was the coal industry. Coal deposits were discovered in southwestern Virginia in Tazewell County. Coal was a very important resource and was in high demand. It was used to power trains and heat homes and in the 1880’s it started to be used to generate electricity in homes and factories. Everyone wanted coal! The demand for workers increased and people from all over flocked to get jobs mining coal. Coal mining towns popped up around the mines. More people brought more businesses and some towns grew into cities. Once the coal was mined, trains were needed to carry the coal east to the seaports of the Tidewater region. There the coal would be shipped around the world. Coal was a very important discovery for the Virginia economy. 14 Another developed wasn’t industry further actually was new that one to that Virginia. Tobacco was very popular at the time and machines were able to speed the production of tobacco products. At this time, people did not understand Tobacco Company in Richmond - 1911 tobacco’s negative effects on a person’s health. Factories with these machines that produced cigarettes and other tobacco products ended up in Richmond, Virginia. Many Virginians were able to get jobs manufacturing tobacco products. By the late 1800’s, one fourth of the people working in Richmond and Petersburg were employed making tobacco products. Railroads were able to take these tobacco products throughout Virginia, the United States, and the rest of the world. Tobacco was a cash crop for Virginia once again! DIRECTIONS: Find the answers to the following questions in “Transportation in Virginia” and “Growth of Industries in Virginia.” Then go back and underline or highlight the answers to these questions in the colors shown. GREEN: What was a key to the expansion of business, agriculture, and industry? BLUE: Why were more and better roads needed in Virginia? YELLOW: What TWO industries grew in Virginia after the Civil War? RED: Where was coal discovered in Virginia? ORANGE: How did railroads help the tobacco industry grow? 15 th st 20 /21 Century Virginia VS.9 a-d The student will demonstrate knowledge of twentieth- and twenty-first-century Virginia by: a) describing the economic and social transition from a rural, agricultural society to a more urban, industrialized society, including the reasons people came to Virginia from other states and countries. b) identifying the impact of Virginians, such as Woodrow Wilson and George C. Marshall, on international events. c) identifying the social and political events in Virginia linked to desegregation and Massive Resistance and their relationship to national history. d) identifying the political, social, and/or economic contributions made by Maggie L. Walker; Harry F. Byrd, Sr.; Oliver W. Hill; Arthur R. Ashe, Jr.; A. Linwood Holton, Jr.; and L. Douglas Wilder. VS.10 c The student will demonstrate knowledge of government, geography, and economics by: c) explaining how advances in transportation, communications, and technology have contributed to Virginia’s prosperity and role in the global economy. 16 Transitioning from a Rural to Urban Society During the twentieth century, Virginia changed from a rural, agricultural society to a more urban, industrialized society. That meant that many people in Virginia moved from small farming towns into big cities with factories and shops. People went from growing their own food and making their own clothes to buying their food and clothes in a store. The way of life for many Virginians was changing. Farming was changing as well. Old ways of farming were improved with inventions of new and faster equipment. Motorized plows replaced horse drawn ones. These new inventions made it easier to grow larger amounts of food because the work could be done faster. Unfortunately, this new equipment was too expensive for small Old systems of farming were no longer effective. farmers to buy. With so much food being grown, crop prices dropped. Small farmers could not compete with the bigger farms that were growing large crops and selling them for less. Many farmers and their families sold their small farms and moved to the big cities in search of work. New inventions made it easier to grow more food, so crop prices dropped. 17 People moved from rural to urban areas for economic opportunities. When the farmers arrived in the cities, they found jobs in factories. Cities in Virginia continued to grow larger as more people arrived from rural areas looking for economic opportunities. People flocked to fill the large number of factory jobs that were offered in the big cities. There were also many modern conveniences that were available in the city that you could not find in the country. At this time in history, many rural areas did not have access to electricity. People in cities had access to electricity and newer inventions like the telephone (1876). They Technological developments in transportation helped cities grow. also had indoor plumbing and more modern types of transportation. Improved roads and railroads brought lots of goods and raw materials to city factories and businesses, while streetcars moved people quickly from home to work. This picture to the right shows a streetcar in Richmond in 1888. Streetcars were a combination of a bus and a train – only one car, but running on tracks. In 1860, only a sixth of the US population lived in cities. By 1920, a census showed that more that half of Americans lived in cities! The discovery of coal in Tazewell County in southwestern Virginia also spurred the growth of Virginia towns and cities. People moved from the countryside to find jobs mining coal. Trainloads of coal were shipped east to growing port cities such as Norfolk and Newport News. 18 DIRECTIONS: Find the answers to the following questions. Then go back and underline or highlight the answers to these questions in the colors shown. GREEN: How did Virginia change from an agricultural to a more industrialized society? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ BLUE: How did agriculture (farming) change? ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ YELLOW: Why did small farmers move to the big cities? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ RED: What kinds of technological developments in transportation helped cities grow? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ORANGE: What kind of jobs did people find in Tazewell County, Virginia? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 19 20th & 21st Century Virginia Changing from Agricultural to Industrial Decline of Agricultural Society ● The old systems of farming were _________________. ● The crop prices were _______. Growth of Virginia’s Cities ● People moved from _______ to _______ areas for _________ opportunities. ● ____________ developments in ___________, ________, __________, and __________ helped cities grow. ● _____________ spurred the growth of Virginia towns and cities as people moved from the countryside to find ________. During the 20th century, __________________ has experienced ______ due to ___________________ _____________________ located in the region. In the late 20th century and the early 21st century, _____________ and the ___________ (___________) region have grown due to _____________________. People moved to Virginia from __________________ and _________. Virginia Leaders during World Wars I and II 20 Two famous Virginians, Woodrow Wilson and George C. Marshall, were important national and international leaders. They took on especially important roles during World War I and World War II. In 1914, many counties in Europe were at war with one another. The United States was determined to stay neutral and not become involved in this conflict. But in 1917, Germany attacked a British ship, the Lusitania that had set sail from New York City. The ship was carrying ammunition, but it was also carrying 128 Americans as passengers. These Americans lost their lives as a result of Germany’s attack. America was now involved. The President of the United States asked Congress to declare war. The President at that time was a Virginian by the name of Woodrow Wilson and the war was World War I. The United States joined Britain and France against Germany and its allies. President Wilson thought that this war could be the “War to End all Wars.” The United States helped Great Britain and France win the war by 1918, but by then almost 10 million people had lost their lives in the war. Wilson was saddened by such a great loss of life and wanted to keep war from happening again. He made a plan to create the League of Nations. The League of Nations was a place for all of the nations of the world to meet and talk about their differences instead of going to war over them. Woodrow Wilson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to create a better world. 21 Unfortunately, the League of Nations did not work and about 20 years later in 1939 another war started. This new war was World War II and many of the same countries from World War I were involved. The United States once again tried to stay neutral, but was brought into war once again on December 8, 1941 the day after an attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii by Japan. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history and when it finally ended in 1945 over 60 million people had lost their lives! After World War II, Western Europe a mess much like the southern states after the Civil War. The war had destroyed crops and buildings and many lives had been lost. These weakened countries were in danger of being taken over by nearby communist countries and needed help to rebuild their broken economies. But who would help them rebuild? A Virginian and military leader by the name of George C. Marshall had an idea. In his plan (called the Marshall Plan), America would send 17 billion dollars’ worth of humanitarian aid over four years to Great Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. His plan was successful. Western European economies recovered quickly and were even stronger than before the war! Marshall had helped to stop the spread of communism in Europe. His economic plan was able to ensure world peace. DIRECTIONS: Find the answers to the following questions. Then go back and underline or highlight the answers to these questions in the colors shown. GREEN: Who was the President of the United States at the start of World War I? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 22 BLUE: What was the purpose of the League of Nations? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ YELLOW: Why did George C. Marshall want to help Western Europe after World War II? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ RED: What was the Marshall Plan? Did it work? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 23 Impact of Woodrow Wilson & George C. Marshall on International Events ___________ ___________ was a 20th century _______ who wrote a plan for _______. ___________ _____________ was a ____________ who created an ________ plan to ensure ________. 24 The Civil Rights Movement in Virginia During the first half of the 20th century, the United States was very divided by race. The Supreme Court ruling in PLESSY V. FERGUSON (1896) said that separate facilities (like restaurant, schools, bathrooms, etc.) for blacks and whites were allowable as long as they were equal. States across the North and South passed laws creating separate schools and public facilities for each race. Even though slavery had ended almost 100 years before, segregation of African Americans meant they did not enjoy the same rights and freedoms as white Americans. They were forced to sit in the back of city buses, drink from different water fountains, use different restroom facilities, and attend different schools. States normally spent 10 to 20 times on the education of white students as they spent on African American students! These separate facilities definitely were NOT equal and changes needed to be made to unite our country. This period of change in our history was called the Civil Rights Movement. When World War II started, over two million African Americans signed up for the draft and over one million served. After World War II, African Americans started demanding equal rights and equal treatment as American citizens. If 25 African Americans were able to fight and die for their country, why were they not given equal treatment as American citizens? Nine years after the end of the World War II, their demands started making a difference. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION that “separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional. All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to desegregate, or to abolish racial segregation. At this time, there were still many states in the south that were against desegregation. Virginia’s government, led by Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr., established a policy of Massive Resistance, which fought to “resist” the integration of public schools. Some schools were closed to avoid integration. By 1959, the policy of Massive Resistance failed, and Virginia’s public schools were finally integrated. As a result of the Civil Rights Movement, laws were passed that made racial discrimination illegal. 26 DIRECTIONS: Find the answers to the following questions. Then go back and underline or highlight the answers to these questions in the colors shown. GREEN: Which case ruled that “separate but equal” facilities were allowed? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ BLUE: How did the education of African American and white students differ? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ YELLOW: What event started the Civil Rights Movement? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ RED: Which case ruled “separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ORANGE: What does it mean to desegregate? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PURPLE: What was Massive Resistance and who established it? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 27 The Civil Rights Movement Segregation - ___________________________ _________________________________ Desegregation - __________________________ _________________________________ Integration - ___________________________ _________________________________ Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia *Changes that occurred in Virginia as a result of the Civil Rights Movement* ● The Supreme Court ruled in 1954 (________________ _________) that “_________ ___ _____” public schools were unconstitutional (_______). ● All public schools, including those in ________, were ordered to ___________. ● Virginia’s government established a policy of ____________, which fought to “______” this integration of public schools. ● Some schools were ________ to avoid integration. ● The policy of _________________ failed, and Virginia’s public schools were ___________. ● _______ __. _____, Sr., led a Massive Resistance Movement against the ____________ of public schools. Biographies of Important Virginia Citizens Virginian citizens that made political, social, and/or economic contributions in the 20th/21st centuries 28 Maggie L. Walker Maggie L. Walker was the first African American woman in the United States to establish a bank and become a bank president. Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Harry F. Byrd, Sr., as governor of Virginia, was known for a “Pay As You Go” policy for road improvements, and he modernized Virginia state government. Oliver W. Hill, Sr. Oliver W. Hill, a lawyer and civil rights leader, worked for equal rights of African Americans. He played a key role in the Brown v. Board of Education decision. Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. was the first African American winner of a major men’s tennis singles championship. He was also an author and eloquent spokesperson for social change. Linwood Holton, Jr. A. Linwood Holton, Jr., as governor of Virginia, promoted racial equality and appointed more African Americans and women to positions in state government than previous governors. L. Douglas Wilder L. Douglas Wilder, as governor of Virginia, was the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United States. Directions: Draw a picture of each one of these famous Virginia citizens doing what made them famous. (Stick figures are okay!) 29 Maggie L. Walker Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Oliver W. Hill, Sr. Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. Linwood Holton, Jr. L. Douglas Wilder 30 20th & 21st Century People Maggie L. Walker First _________ _________ woman to establish and become a _______ _________ in the U.S. Harry F. Byrd, Sr. As governor, he was known for a “_______ ______” policy for road improvements. He modernized Virginia ____________. Oliver W. Hill, Sr. As a lawyer and civil rights leader, he worked for ___________ for ________ ________. He played a key role in the _______ v. ____________ _________ decision. Arthur Ashe, Jr. First _____________ winner of a major men’s _______ singles championship. He was an ______ and ________ for social change. 31 A.. Linwood Holton, Jr. As governor of Virginia, he promoted ______ _______, and appointed more _____ _______ and _______ to positions in state government than previous governors. L. Douglas Wilder First ______ _______ to be elected _____ _______ in the United States. 32 Virginia’s Role in Today’s Global Economy Over the years, many people from different states and from all around the world have moved to Virginia. They have come here for the many opportunities that Virginia has to offer. Virginia has a great location bordering both our nation’s capital and the Atlantic and Chesapeake Bay. Beautiful sandy beaches, rolling hills, winding rivers, towering mountains, and a wealth of natural resources can all be found in Virginia. All of these reasons and more make Virginia a good place for business and a great place to call home. Northern Virginia has experienced much growth due to the large number of federal government jobs located there. It borders Washington, D.C, our nation’s capital, so many Virginians work for the United States’ government. The Pentagon in Arlington is just one of many different federal government buildings located in Virginia. There are over 20,000 people that work in the Pentagon alone! Because many federal government workers live and/or work in Virginia, the federal government has a significant impact on Virginia’s economy. Both Northern Virginia and the Tidewater region have also grown due to an increase in computer technology and communications industries. The Dulles Technology Corridor in Northern Virginia is a cluster of technology companies like Apple, Amazon, Boeing, 33 Microsoft, and many more. Communications companies like AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon are also located there. These technology and communications companies provide jobs for thousands upon thousands of Virginians. Tourism is also a major part of Virginia’s economy. “Virginia is for Lovers” is Virginia’s tourism slogan and it’s used to attract visitors from around the world. Thousands of visitors flock to Virginia Beach each summer to enjoy its lovely sandy beaches. Skyline Drive in the Shenandoah Valley with over 100 miles of picturesque mountain views attracts countless as well. Tourists from around the world also come to see the many Virginia’s historical sites from Civil War battlefields to the homes of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. It doesn’t matter if you’re a beach lover, a mountain lover, or a history lover -- Virginia has it all. Virginia’s economy could not be successful without an effective transportation system. The Virginia Department of Transportation or VDOT is responsible for the state's roads, bridges and tunnels. It also provides funding for airports, seaports, rail and public transportation. Virginia’s transportation system supports the economy by moving raw materials to factories and finished products to markets. Virginia exports agricultural and manufactured products, including tobacco, poultry, coal, and large ships. Virginia plays an important role in our global economy. Its industries produce goods and services used throughout the United States and the world. People come from around the world to find jobs and to explore Virginia’s natural and beautiful wonders. Virginia is a wonderful place to call home! 34 DIRECTIONS: Find the answers to the following questions. Then go back and underline or highlight the answers to these questions in the colors shown. GREEN: Why are there so many federal jobs in Northern Virginia? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ BLUE: What industries provide jobs to those in Northern Virginia and the Tidewater? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ YELLOW: What are some of the different tourist attractions in Virginia? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ RED: How does Virginia’s transportation system support the economy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 35 36