Download Chinese Civilization

Chinese Civilization
Chapter 12 and 13
Chinese Dynasties and Philosophies
What are the dynasties in order?
What are the major philosophies in China?
Dynasties
Shang
Zhou
Republic
Qin
Mao Zedong (Communism)
Han
Deng Xiaoping
Sui
Tang
Song
Yuan
Ming
Qing
Philosophies
Daoism (Taoism) Keeping life simple in harmony with nature
Little or no government. People will take care of themselves
Confucianism Respect for family, hard work, and education
How to organize a good society and preserve peace
Filial piety
Legalism
All power to the legal ruler
People are inherently bad
Need harsh punishments to deter people from doing bad
Buddhism
Respect for property and all life
Ancestor veneration (worship)
a ritual practice that is based on the belief that deceased family members
have a continued existence, take an interest in the affairs of the world,
and possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living
Wendi
N nobleman
589 defeats Chen Kingdom
Unifies N and S China
Estab Sui Dynasty
Lowered taxes
Built granaries
Insured stable cheap food supply
Killed by son Yangdi
Yangdi
Positives
Legal Reform
***Rebuilt Great Wall***
***Built the Grand Canal***
Reorganized Confucian education
Restored exam system
Negatives
Excesses (built palaces and moved
capital to Loyang)
Unsuccessfully tried to conquer Korea
Defeated by Turks 615
Assassinated 618
Tang Dynasty
Started by Li Yuan
Extended empire to Afghanistan, Tibet, Vietnam, Manchuria and
Korea
Used Turkish nomads in army
Captured leaders sons sent to capital
Tried to assimilate them
Restored scholar-gentry (took control from aristocrats)
Tested by Ministry of Rites
Passed the elite Chinese Lit test become a jinshi
Closely regulated workers (Bureau of Censors)
Religion in Tang
Confucianism rivaled Buddhism
China influences Buddhism
New strains pop up
Pure Land Buddhism
Offers salvation for those who aren’t so good
Concentrate on chanting Amitabha Buddha
Can be reborn in an world easier to reach enlightenment
Appealed to lower class
Zen Buddhism (Chan Buddhism)
Stresses meditation
Appreciation of artistic and natural beauty
Appealed to upper class
Buddhist backlash
Empress Wu
Supported Buddhism
Tried to make it the state religion
Tried to restore imperial power
Confucianists and Daoists fight back
Argue Buddhism hurts the empire (Lands aren’t taxed)
Emperor Wuzong
Openly persecuted Buddhism
Monasteries destroyed and lands taxed or taken
Hurts Buddhism but doesn’t destroy it
Confucianism becomes the central ideology of China
Emperor Xuanzong
Empress Wei tried to take control by poisoning her husband (son of
Wu)
Put her son on the throne
Xuanzong overthrew her
Zenith of Tang power
Became infatuated with Yang Guifei
Led to Tang downfall (907)
Five Dynasties Period (907-960)
Rise of the Song (960)
Song Dynasty
Zhao Kuangyin (960) AKA Taizu
General that gains control
Song popularize rice and tea
Can’t defeat Khitan (military in N)
Pay tribute but left alone b/c culturally superior
Neo-Confucianism
New ideas about Confucianism and Daoism
Rank and obligation (Do your job)
Cultivation of morality is highest goal
Zhu Xi most prominent scholar
Lasting effect on China
Song Decline
Restored unity of China except for Liao in North
Capital eventually at Hangzhou
Khitan showed Song weakness
Others follow suit
Song pay tribute
Keep large army (drains resources)
Wang Anshi tried reform but eventually failed
Jurchens invade N China (estab Qin Kingdom)
Eventually force Song south and Dynasty ends in 1279
Conquered by Mongols 1279
Tang and Song Accomplishments
Changan (2 million inhabitants) largest in world
Huangzhou (1,500,000)
Shipping
Junks are much bigger than other ships
Men and Women
Men start to become superior
Men get inheritance and sexual advantages
Women excluded from education
Foot binding in Song WHY?
Innovations
Use coal for fuel
Invent paper money
Flying money
Banks
Gunpowder invented in Tang
(fireworks)
Used in Song as weapon
Flamethrowers
Poison gases
Rocket launchers
Abacus
Compass used for navigation
Moveable type (Bi Sheng)
Art in Tang and Song
Confucian intellects produce
landscape paintings
Li Bo
Most famous poet
Chap 13
Japan, Korea, Vietnam
Major Chinese influence (Esp Buddhism)
Influence peaks in 7th and 8th centuries
Taika, Nara, and Heian periods
Taika Reforms (646)
Enacted to incorporate Chinese culture
and politics
Heian
Learn of court life by
Tale of Genji
First modern novel
Shoguns
Military governor of Japan (hereditary)
Take power from emperor
Bakufu (shogunate)
Shoguns administration
Daimyo
Feudal lords (vassals to shogun)
Bushi (Samurai highest class bushi)
Warrior class (mounted troops)
Reduced peasants to serfs
Follow Bushido
1. Frugality (Buddhist)
2. Loyalty (Filial piety)
CONFUCIAN/SHINTO ideal
3. Martial Arts
4. Honor (seppuku)
Shogunates
Kamakura
1192-1333
Ashikaga
1338-1573
Onin War
1467-1477 almost destroyed by civil war
Divided Japan into 300 states ruled by daimyos
Chinese influence rises due to Zen Buddhism
Tokugawa
1603-1867
Korea
Sinification
Silla
Established a unified and independent gov
Korean Dynasties
Silla
Koryo
Mongol 1231
Yi 1392-1910
Religion
Elite preferred Buddhism
Keep Chinese exam system
But admission is mostly by birth and not scores
Vietnam
China never holds or assimilates culturally
Why not?
What do they adopt?
Chinese exam system
Chinese-style schools
Chinese military organization