Download Ordinary Observer Principal Axioms applied to Electromagnetism

Significant Findings
on
Gravitational Lensing
Fundamental Facts supported by Observational Evidence
Discourses
&
Mathematical Illustrations
pertaining to the
Extinction Shift Principle
under the Electrodynamics of
Galilean Transformations
Definition of Extinction Shift
On Galilean Transformations of Velocities
Definition of Extinction Shift
On Galilean Transformations of Velocities
On Rectilinear Motion of the Photons
The Photon and its Measurability
Extinction Shift Principle
Pure Classical Physics
. Euclidean Space . Galilean Transformations
•
All transformations are strictly carried out under
Galilean Transformations of Velocities
•
All calculations are performed strictly in
Euclidean Space Geometry
No AD HOC assumptions required
No requirements of a medium (no ether)
No curvilinear coordinates required
No distortions of the standard coordinate system of
space and time required
•
All Photons and Gravitons move strictly along
Rectilinear Paths
The Photon and its Measurability
Extinction Shift Principle
Pure Classical Physics
. Euclidean Space . Galilean Transformations
•
All Laws of Nature are totally invariant under
Galilean Transformations
in
Euclidean Space
from Reference Frame - to - Reference Frame
•
All transformations are describable in a singe set of
Principal Axioms
•
The exact mathematical equivalence of both
Special and General Relativity
is accomplished from the above premises alone
Principal Axioms
of the
Extinction Shift Principle
Hypothetical Observer
versus the
Real World Observer
Hypothetical Observer versus Real World Observer
Primary
Soure of
waves
v
Hypothetical Observer versus Real World Observer
Indistinguishability
of
Equivalent Waves
Equivalent Waves and the Ordinary Observer
c+v
c
c
Ordinary
Observer
Primary
Soure of
waves
c+v
c
c
c+v
c+v
c
v
Ordinary
Observer
c+v
c+v
c
The Ordinary {Real-World} Observer can make
no distinction between Equivalent Waves or Photons!
c v
cv
B e fo re
In te rfe re n c e

c
c
A fte r
In te rfe re n c e
Mathematical Proof
Principal Axioms
applied to
Electromagnetism
Principal Axioms
applied to
Gravitation
On Gravitation
The very same principal axioms of the logical addition of velocities also
apply to the exchange of gravitons between particles of mass! The
motion of a particle through the field set up by a different particle under
the gravitational influence of the first, has a direct representation under
the electrodynamics of Galilean Transformations of Velocities, abiding
strictly by the rules of rectilinear motion in Euclidean Space!!!
Significant Findings
on
Gravitational Lensing
Fundamental Facts supported by Observational Evidence
No lensing observed
No lensing observed
1.75 arcsec
observed
R
2R
3R
A light bending effect due to the sun’s gravitational field,
should, as theoretically predicted by General Relativity, take place
at the Gaussian sphere, 2R, yielding 1/2 of 1.75 arcsec,
at the Gaussian sphere, 3R, yielding 1/3 of 1.75 arcsec.
This should be noticeable for nR using modern technical means.
Emission Theory
Black Holes
Gaussian Sphere
of 4 R
Gaussian Sphere
of 3 R
2R
Gaussian Sphere
of 2 R
R
R
M
less than
1 arcsec
Telescope
The orbit of Sagittarius has a
semimajor axis of
5.5 lightdays  0.12arcsec

Image
of star
star
+
Gaussian
surface
5.5 light days 5.5  24  3600  3 108

 204827.6
Solar Radii
6.96 108
less than
1 arcsec
"+" = 3.6 million solar masses
A light ray passing to within
0.12 arc secs {5.5 light days} will bend
according to General Relativity by an angle
of at least   4GM
2  30.7 arcsec >> 1 arcsec
Rc
Telescope
Direct Gravitation Electromagnetism Interaction
No Direct Gravitation Electromagnetism Interaction
From symmetry we have
Solving for the radius of the impact parameter of the light ray and
thus the radius of the Einstein Ring expressed in radians we have
and finally
Radius of the Einstein Ring
Note that the angle of deflection for the approach segment,
one half of the total gravitational effect, is exactly equal to
the radius of the solved Einstein ring expressed in radians
and is given as
This is a rarely covered fundamental on in modern academic textbooks.
The accumulative effect must sum the effects on the light ray upon approach
and receding the gravitating mass.
From above, the total accumulative effect is thus
1 
2GM
Rc2
2
g  gA  ( GM
2 )(4R )  4GM
R
 g  dA  4GM
S
1  2GM
Rc2
1 
r() 
2GM
Rc2
a(1e2 )
1 eCos( p )
R  r()
1 
2GM
Rc2

2GM 1 eCos( p )
c2
a(1e2 )c2
[
]
2
g  gA  ( GM
)(4

R
)


4

GM
2
R

S
1 
g  dA  4GM
2GM
Rc2
r() 
1 
2GM
Rc2

a(1e2 )
1 eCos( p )
R  r()
2GM 1 eCos( p )
c2
a(1e2 )c2
[
]
Röntgenemission der NGC 2300 Gruppe
Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik der Universität München Observatorium Wendelstein
"Wenn die Lichtgeschwindigkeit auch nur ein bißchen von der
Geschwindigkeit der Lichtquelle abhängig ist, dann ist meine ganze
Relativitätstheorie und Gravitationstheorie falsch.“
"If the velocity of light is only a tiny bit dependent on the
velocity of the light source, then my whole
theory of Relativity and Gravitation is false.“
{Quotation of A. Einstein from a letter to Erwin Finley-Freundlich: August 1913}.
Nobel Prize Physicist Dr. Albert Einstein receives
a Lincoln University honorary degree for his
accomplishments during his visit in 1946.
http://www.lincoln.edu/sesquicentennial/legacy.html
Discourses & Mathematical Illustrations
pertaining to the
Extinction Shift Principle
under the Electrodynamics of
Galilean Transformations
www.extinctionshift.com
Significant Findings on Gravitational Lensing
www.extinctionshift.com/SignificantFindings.htm
•
Distinguished individuals who have received
Lincoln University honorary degrees for their
accomplishments, include world-famous physicist
and Nobel Prize-winner Albert Einstein (1946);
Civil Rights Leader Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.
(1961); Civil Rights and Labor Union Leader Philip
Randolph (1967); Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren
and Civil Rights Leader Rev. Jesse Jackson (1969);
Entertainer and Social Activist Richard "Dick" Gregory
(1971); Internationally Renowned singer Marian
Anderson (1976); U.S. Congresswoman Shirley
Chisholm (1985); Archbishop Desmond Tutu of the
Republic of South Africa (1990); Rosa Parks,
affectionately hailed as the "Mother of the Civil Rights
Movement" (1992); and Award-winning
Playwright August Wilson (1996).
http://www.lincoln.edu/sesquicentennial/legacy.html