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*Active transport Example: sodium-potassium pump *Voltage *Membrane potential *Some ion pumps generate voltage across membranes Electrogenic pump: Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis Cell division *Functions of cell division: *reproduction *growth and development *repair The Mitotic Cell Cycle *Mitotic phase vs. interphase Subphases of interphase: *G1 – first gap *S – synthesis *G2 – second gap Structural organization of the genome *chromosomes Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division An overview of mitosis Mitosis Late Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Mitosis Metaphase Anaphase Telophase *cytokinesis Mitosis: Animal Cell Mitosis: Animal Cell (another view) Cytokinesis: Animal cells Plant cells Overview of meiosis: Two consecutive cell divisions *meiosis I *meiosis II AKA: Reduction-Division Meiosis I Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Mitosis and Meiosis Compared: