Download Chapter 9, Section 1

Skeleton Notes for Chapter 9, Section 1
Chapter 9, Section 1
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The United States Enters World War I
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World War I Begins
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For centuries the “Great Powers of Europe” were obsessed with maintaining a balance of
_______________, but with the creation of Germany in 1871, the balance was upset.
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______________ felt vulnerable.
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Germany’s growing _______________ worried the British.
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Militarism & Alliances
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After losing the territory of ______________ and Lorraine to ________________ in 1871, France
began to rely on Russia as an ally to keep the Germans from taking more.
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The Russians looked towards expanding their influence in the ________________ where there
were Slavs, Croats, and Serbs.
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Russia had a dream of uniting all ______________ people.
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There were also Slavs, Serbs, and Croats in Austria-Hungary, an ally of Germany, and the
Russians encouraged them to _________________.
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Militarism & Alliances
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The system of alliances encouraged ___________________: the build-up of armed forces to
intimidate or threaten other nations.
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In Germany the military was the dominant social class.
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The _________________ always appeared in military uniform with the rank of All
Highest Warlord.
Germany’s naval ambitions forced Britain to back her traditional rivals, France & Russia.
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Germany also surpassed Britain in the production of _____________and coal.
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Imperialism & Nationalism
_______________________, a feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland became a powerful
idea in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
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Nationalism fueled the competition between nations as each thought of their culture as
being superior to all others
Skeleton Notes for Chapter 9, Section 1
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Nationalism, being incompatible with imperialism, also encouraged dominated
populations to seek independence.
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Imperialism & Nationalism
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Nationalism became a serious issue in the Balkans, a southeast region of Europe. The weak
______________________ Empire was losing its grip on the area.
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_______________ was the first of the nations to achieve independence from the
Ottomans and they encouraged the unification of Slavic peoples, many of whom lived in
Austria-Hungary.
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Austria-Hungary worked against this plan, while Russia encouraged it.
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Assassination Brings War
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In order to curb Slavic nationalism in the Balkans, Austria-Hungary annexed the nation of
____________________ from the Ottoman Empire who had ruled the region for 400 years.
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The annexation of Bosnia __________________ Serbians.
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In June 1914, the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, Archduke ______________________
and his wife were shot to death as their motorcade passed through the streets of the Bosnian
capital of Sarajevo.
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Assassination Brings War
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The assassin, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, was a member of the Serbian nationalist group “The
Black Hand.”
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The Serbian government hoped it would start a war that would bring down the AustroHungarian Empire.
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They knew the _________________ would back them.
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And the Russians knew the ________________ would support them if they
went to war.
The Austro-Hungarians issued an ultimatum that would place Serbia under its authority.
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They knew full well that it would probably lead to war, so they first got the ‘okay’ that
Germany would back them up.
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Assassination Brings War
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On July 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian government declared war on Serbia.
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Russia mobilized its troops.
Skeleton Notes for Chapter 9, Section 1
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The Serbs expected Russia to keep Germany busy long enough to allow them to take
Bosnia.
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On August 1st, Germany declared war on Russia.
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August 3rd Germany declared war on France.
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Assassination Brings War
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The Germans knew that backing Austria would lead to war, but it was a war they expected to
win.
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However, they were counting on the Brits to remain ________________.
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Russia could not let Serbia fall or they would give up their goal of uniting the Slavs, and probably
end up with a ____________________ at home.
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If France let the Germans beat Russia, the French would become a ______________ power
under the thumb of the Germans.
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Assassination Brings War
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The _______________________called for German troops to march through _____________ in
order to flank the French and close off the coastal ports to any possible British reinforcements.
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Belgium was neutral, but they declared war on Germany when the Germans invaded.
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The British had previously guaranteed to _________________ the neutrality of Belgium.
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In order to solidify their authority over the Belgians, the German troops captured and
executed 5,000 civilians.
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Assassination Brings War
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The British could not allow German aggression to go unchecked. The British people demanded
action; Great Britain entered the war.
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The Triple Entente, known as The Allies, comprised ____________________________________.
–Italy joined in 1915.
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The alliance of Germany, ___________________________________________________ became
known as the Central Powers.
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The Schlieffen Plan Fails
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The Germans hoped for a quick victory over France so they could reinforce their eastern borders
against the Russians.
Skeleton Notes for Chapter 9, Section 1
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The Belgians fought back and slowed the German advance.
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Also, the Russians mobilized faster than expected and invaded Germany.
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The Germans were within 30 miles of ________________, but were stopped at the Battle of the
Marne.
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In the East, the Germans advanced into Russia scoring multiple victories.
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America Declares War
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While the President declared the US to be __________________, the public discussed the war in
Europe openly and chose to support one side or another.
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Some saw Britain as a natural __________________ of the US.
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The large population of Irish immigrants in the US favored the Central Powers.
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However, many Americans remembered ___________________ as a helpful ally during the
American Revolution and were disgusted by stories of atrocities committed by the Germans
occupying Belgium.
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America Declares War
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Wilson’s advisors, except William Jennings Bryan, supported the Allies.
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They feared an upset in the balance of power should Germany win the war.
The British used _____________________ to influence US public opinion.
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They even cut the telegraph line from the US to Europe so that England would be the
sole supplier of war news to the US.
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America Declares War
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American business supported the Allies.
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With the British controlling the seas, the Allies were the easiest customer for US weapons.
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American _______________ bet on American involvement and an allied victory, and loaned
billions of dollars to the British and French.
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America Declares War
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The British searched ships heading for Europe to ensure that they were not bringing __________
_________ –items that would aid the German war effort.
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The Germans also wanted to stop their enemies from receiving shipments of food and materials.
Skeleton Notes for Chapter 9, Section 1
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With the Brits in control of the ocean’s surface, the Germans controlled the region
beneath the waves using ______________________ (U-Boats).
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America Declares War
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The use of unrestricted submarine warfare angered President Wilson.
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In 1915, Germans sank the British cruise ship _____________________, killing 1,200 (128
Americans).
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Germany issued a promise, the ______________________________, that they would no
longer sink merchant ships without warning.
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The Germans did not want the US to enter the war.
The US stayed neutral and Wilson’s pledge of ___________________ earned him a
narrow reelection.
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America Declares War
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The American public ceased their efforts to be neutral when a memo, the ________________
____________________, was leaked.
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In the Zimmerman Telegram, the Germans said they would help _______________ take back
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if they joined the war against the US.
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Also, in the beginning of 1917, the Germans resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
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They felt that they could ____________________ the Brits into surrender before the US
could organize an offensive.
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America Declares War
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President Wilson addressed Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Germany.