Download Corruption in Defence

Tackling Corruption in
Defence
The TI Defence and Security
Programme
Anne-Christine Wegener
2 October 2012
OSF strategy meeting: Combating and Preventing
Corruption in Medicine Procurement What can Civil Society Do?
How big a problem?
2
Characteristics of corruption in
defence
• Close relation between governments and industry
• A few companies from 10 countries make 90% of
international arms sales
• USD 500 billion defence revenue annually
• Few exporting countries, many importing countries
• Political involvement is extensive
Corruption risks:
• Huge contracts
• Secrecy
• Technical areas:
agents, offsets
Situation in 2004
• Defence corruption not on the
agenda of companies and
governments
• No scrutiny bodies
• Little NGO engagement
TI-DSP Approach
Inside:
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Outside:
Facilitate leadership discussion
Reframe the problem
Analysis/action plan
Training
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Research
External oversight
Work with IGOs (NATO, UN)
Public Surveys
National defence &
security forces
Defence
Industry
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Direct engagement
Measure performance (Index)
Establish global forum for a-c standards
Research, publicise high risk areas
Civil Society
incl media
• Collaborate on research
• Build and share expertise
• Build confidence that defence
corruption can be tackled
Mapping the risks
POLITICAL
PERSONNEL
PROCUREMENT
Defence & security policy
Leadership Behaviour
Technical requirements /
specifications
Defence budgets
Payroll, promotions,
appointments, rewards
Single sourcing
Nexus of defence & national
assets
Conscription
Agents/brokers
Organised crime
Salary chain
Collusive bidders
Control of intelligence services
Values & Standards
Export controls
Small Bribes
FINANCE
OPERATIONS
Financing packages
Offsets
Contract award, delivery
Subcontractors
Asset disposals
Disregard of corruption in country
Seller influence
Secret budgets
Military-owned businesses
Illegal private enterprises
Corruption within mission
Breaking
the corruption risks into
smaller, more concrete areas has
Contracts
helped us explain the issue and build
Private Security Companies
confidence that it can be tackled, as
well as demonstrating expertise 5
Building integrity - training
Leadership days bring the
top management of a
ministry of defence and/or
the armed forces together to
discuss what defence
corruption is and how to build
integrity
Leadership day in Kabul, Nov 2009
A training course helps
build up knowledge and
momentum for tackling
corruption. It is seen as a
constructive tool even for
less reform-minded
governments
Research
Research, especially when done
collaboratively with others or involving the
industry or government brings in-depth
knowledge and enables us to constructively
engage with governments; often done with
research interns or externals;
7
Measuring defence corruption –
example: Government Index
Creating a tool to measure corruption
enables comparison over time and give
feedback to governments who want to know
how they perform. It also serves as an
advocacy tool for civil society organisations
pushing for change. We have done one each
for the supply and demand side
What is our Government Index?
• A global Index to measure levels of corruption risk in national defence and
security establishments worldwide (note: we have a sister index for companies,
too)
• Comparison between 83 countries
• A means to monitor the success of anti-corruption mechanisms over time
Civil society having an impact
Media
helps carrying our message to the
public and policymakers
Our overall “philosophy”
1. Engage directly
2. Have deep expertise in
the team, e.g. part-time
senior people
3. Develop practical tools
4. Constructive and critical
is effective
Thank you
[email protected]
Twitter: @Tidefenceteam
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www.ti-defence.org