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Transcript
The Odyssey Mr. Furman Olivia Mello THEME: Main Subtopics Details Never give up (Ancient Greece Introductory Information: Tree Map) __________________________________________________ History of ___________ Ancient Greece •Greek is divided into stone age, bronze age, and iron age. •Classical Greece society flourished during 510-404B.C •Democracy, trial by Jury, formal education, Olympics, art and architecture, dramatic story telling influences our American society. Greek ___________ Mythology •Mythology is a story, usually involving gods and goddesses, that uses the supernatural to explain the natural world around us. •The ancient Greeks took their mythology seriously. • It was their science and religion •Mythology was a way of life; it helped them understand the world around them also served as a guide to live their lives. Homer ___________ • Homer was the major figure of ancient Greek Literature. •He was the author of the 2 epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. •He lived in the 12 century B.C •Made a living as a court singer + story teller •The first epic poem is the Iliad narrates the events surrounding the Trojan War. •The Odyssey follows the unwanted adventure of Odysseus. Trojan War ___________ • Paris of troy (Trojans) stole Helen(Sparta’s wife) form Sparta.(Greek) • The war is among the most important events in Greek mythology. •It was narrated in many epic poems. •The main two are the Iliad and the Odyssey. List of Major Characters (Brace Map) Penelope(Odysseus’s wife) ____________________ Odysseus: Laertas(Odysseus’s ____________________ father) Telemarchus(Odysseus’s ____________________ son Zeus( king of gods) __________________ Poseidon( god of the seas) __________________ Alcinous( king of Phaeacians, to whom Odysseus tells his __________________ story) Circe( enchantress who helped Odysseus) __________________ Calypso( sea goddess who loved __________________ Odysseus) Polyphemus (Cyclopes who imprisoned Odysseus) The Preface (Bubble Map) •By doing that it stopped them from getting home because the gods had punished them, and continued more unwanted adventures. •They bragged and thought that man was better then gods. •Tells the tale of Odysseus to the goddesses. •Odysseus traveled to many different places. Homer •He couldn’t save them because their own foolishness destroyed them. •He fought only to save his life, and to bring his shipmates home. Sailing from Troy (Flow Map) Beginning of the chapter: What happens at the start of the chapter? • Odysseus is explaining himself and what happened after the Trojan War. Middle of the chapter: What happens in the middle of the chapter? •Odysseus and his crew land in Ismarus. End of Chapter; What happens in the last part of the chapter? •Fugitives went inland to get the main force of cicones. •In the beginning he tells his story. •He arrives and kills everyman who fought and enslaved and took the women. •Odysseus and his men fight the cicones, and once dark they gave up and went back to the ships. • He tells him that the wind had took him from Ilium to Ismarus. • He then orders them back to the ship and his crew becomes rebellious on leaving. • Six benches on every ship were left empty. The crew and Odysseus was in grief, they left the next mourning after the shipman prayed for the pasted away men. Title of Section: “The Cyclops” After they had survived the land of the Lotus Eaters, they headed back to sea. They were at the point of starvation, when they saw a small isle. When they had got there they invaded the island without thinking of what the island may have to come. They ran into a cave where the aroma of roasting meat filled them. It all stopped when they had saw the Cyclops, and realized that they had devoured two of their men. Odysseus and his men ran for cover, when Polyphemus covered the opening of the cave. They came up with a plan to escape first they gave Polyphemus wine but he was smart and asked what Odysseus’s name was .Odysseus then replied that his name was “No Man”. Once Polyphemus got drunk and fell asleep they sharpened a stick and stab it through Polyphemus’s only eye. When the other Cyclops heard his cry they ran for the cave to find out what was wrong Polyphemus replied, “No Man has hurt me” they then thought that the gods were punishing him and ran. Polphemus was mad he made sure that the men were not going to escape. The next day he let his sheep out, touching everyone to make sure that no man had escaped. What he didn't know was that thy had clung to the stomach’s of the sheep's. They ran to the ship, and Odysseus's pride almost cost them their life's. He screamed back at Polyphemus letting him know they had escaped. Polyphemus tried to stop them by throwing a boulder that had missed their ship by only a few yards. Quote: “The monster may be blind, but he is not deaf. He will hear where we are,” Question/Answer: Why does Odysseus yell back after they escape? What does this reveal about him? -Odysseus became boastful and thought he could do anything. Where at the beginning this got him in trouble for thinking man is better then the gods. It reveals that he could not hold his pride in that he risked their lives because he was happy for thinking of such plans like his to actually escape from the Cyclops. Title of Section: “The Lotus Eaters” The setting of this section is after a 9 day miserable period where they were driven by fierce winds at sea they came to the shore of the Lotus Eaters. When they arrived Odysseus ordered two of his crew to see how the people were like that lived there. The people welcomed the crew and gave them Lotus flowers to eat. These flowers made them only think about staying at the land of the Lotus Eaters and forgetting about their trip to go home. Odysseus had to strap them down to the ships so they would not go back. He ordered them to leave before anymore of his men ate the Lotus and his hope of going back home would be lost. Quote: “Those who ate the honey-sweet Lotus fruit no longer wished to bring word back to us or sail home” Question/Answer: Odysseus has to go back to rescue his men and strap them down to the ship so they wouldn’t go back and loose their hop of returning home. What does this reveal about Odysseus? -It reveals that he is a good leader and thinks about his crew before himself Title of Section: “The Land of the Dead” The setting in this section begins at Circe’s Island. No one was eager to explore because of the previous adventures, but Odysseus divided his crew into two groups one who stayed behind and another group who went with Eurylochus. They went off and soon came to a house where vicious animals were surrounding the house but were unexpectedly calm and nonaggressive. Soon. Circe came out and welcomed them in all accepted accept Eurylochus who stayed behind. Circe gave them honey wine mixed with a pinch of something, and pulled out her wand and turned them into swine. Eurylochus ran back to alert Odysseus and the rest of the crew of what had happened. They all went to rescue his men along the way though he ran into Hermes who warned Odysseus that he would have the same fate as his crew if he did not follow his directions. He was to accept the potion knowing he would be protected by a charm and when she pulled out her wand he would but his sword to her throat making her back down and swear and oath. After, they then feasted and Circe returned Odysseus’s men to their human form. The stayed there with Circe for awhile, but soon after several months Odysseus knew they must get back on track. Circe let them go and told Odysseus must go to Hades to confront Tiresias. Once they arrived in hades, Odysseus went to Tiresias. Tiresias gave Odysseus information about the future and how dangerous his course on getting home will be. He also mentioned that when he gets to the Cattle of the Sun god island not to eat the cattle or you will die. As, he left he saw many spirits, women, and heroes, that had pasted. He even saw his own mother who had died of grief of waiting for his return. She warned him that he must return home or when he arrives he wont have any home to come to. Quote: “You must hurry. Odysseus. Hurry, or you will not have a home to return to.” Question/Answer: How did Odysseus’s mood change through the story and why? -It went from content to heartbroken, yet determined. He was content when he was at Circe's Island. He was heartbroken when he saw his mother’s spirit in Hades. She told him that Iithica was in danger and he should hurry home. He then became determined to get home to be with his wife and son. Title of this Section: “Scylla and Charybdis” After they had left Circe’s island and the Siren’s island and now heading home to Ithica. Circe had warned Odysseus that he would have to go through Scylla and Charybdis or he would not find his way home. When they reached Charybdis it sent their ores flying. Odysseus got a hold of his men and made them grad their ores and row hard. Zeus was their savior getting them out, but worst was yet to come. Odysseus didn’t want his crew to panic again so he just kept going on like nothing was going to happed. Finally, the Scylla made its strike, and took six of Odysseus’s best men. Their last words were screaming for Odysseus who was helpless. Soon they had passed Scylla traveling onward away from Siren’s island and big rocks. Quote: “ Voices came down to, me in anguish, calling my name for the last time.” Question/Answer: What feelings does Odysseus feel during this section? - During the Charybdis he still feels determined to get home but still has an unsure feeling. Once he gets to Scylla he never suffered so much. Hearing the voices of his men calling them he new their destiny of arriving home would soon end. The Cattle of the Sun God: Beginning of the Chapter: What happens at the start of the Chapter? • Odysseus warn the men not to eat the cattle. -His crew obeyed and ate bread, wine, and fish -Odysseus goes to sleep. While he is sleeping the men cant take it anymore and round up the cattle. Middle of the Chapter: What happens in the middle of the chapter? • The gods find out that Odysseus’s his men killed the cattle and became angry. -Odysseus wakes up and see that his men have killed the cattle and began to eat it. -He went to Zeus saying, “how could you let me sleep?” The lord Helios were angry and wanted to punish the men for what they did. End of Chapter: What happens in the last part of the chapter? • The gods kill Odysseus’s men. -They killed Odysseus’s men with a bolt. He was now to continue his adventure alone. Odysseus traveled at sea for 9 days until he finally reached calypso where he stayed for a few years then headed to Ithica. The Return Home: Beginning of the chapter: What happens at the start of the chapter? -Odysseus finally arrives home to Ithica. Middle of Chapter: What happens in the middle of the chapter? - Odysseus and his son start to come up with a plan to kill the enemies. End of Chapter: What happens in the last part of the chapter? - Odysseus tells his son what he must do. -Athena disguises Odysseus as and old beggar man, because he would be killed by the men who betrayed him. Since he was gone for so long. -Once Odysseus and his son reunite, Odysseus tells his son that he will have to come up with a plan to kill the enemies. -His son must take all the armor, lances, and gear to the old storage room except for two swords and armor for them. He then must tell the enemies that the armor is no good anymore like it use to be. -When he sees his son, he is returned to his normal self and persuades his son that it his him Odysseus his father. -He tells his son that no matter what they say, no matter what they do, you must not saying anything . -Odysseus also explains to his son that he cannot tell anyone that he is home, or even alive. The Revenge of Odysseus: Results Causes Odysseus leaves at the beginning and gets punished. MAJOR EVENT The enemies try to kill Odysseus’s son. Its been 20 years that Odysseus has been gone men have tried stole from Penelope and is trying to take over Ithica. Odysseus is acting upon his revenge on the enemies who tried to take over Ithica. The gods try to stop him from getting home. Also men are trying to take over Ithica. Odysseus becomes determined to get home so he can save his son. Odysseus becomes angry when he finally arrives home he kills the enemies that betrayed him. Visual Character Analysis of Odysseus: Title of the story: The Odyssey What good qualities does the character have? -Odysseus is a good leader, puts himself before his men, and has a lot of pride. Odysseus What negative qualities does the character have? - He thinks he is better then the gods and he doesn’t need their help. He has to big of and ego. He lets his pride takeover him. Opinion about character: - I think that Odysseus is a very intelligent, brave man that did good at war but should not have bragged to the gods. What adjectives would you use to describe this character? - Smart, brave, cocky, crafted, intelligent, strong, and sneaky. One fact about Odysseus: - He is king of Ithica. He has a wife with a newborn son (when he left). The Odyssey as an Allegory for life: “Sailing from Troy” -People don’t think of what they do until they get consequences, like Odysseus and his men got overpowered in the end. “The Lotus Eaters” - People get addicted to drugs, just like the men after eating the Lotus got addicted to it and the island.