Download SMART SENSOR WEB THE SMART APPROACH

ALL HAZARD APPROACH
Level of Preparedness
Raising the Overall Level of Preparedness
WMD
Infrastructure
Hurricane
Fire
Mass
Casualty
Frequency of Type of Incident
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Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5
Management of Domestic Incidents
“To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from
terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies,
the United States Government shall establish a single,
comprehensive approach to domestic incident
management. The objective of the United States
Government is to ensure that all levels of government
across the Nation have the capability to work
efficiently and effectively together, using a national
approach to domestic incident management. In these
efforts, with regard to domestic incidents, the United
States Government treats crisis management and
consequence management as a single, integrated
function, rather than as two separate functions. “
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Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5
Management of Domestic Incidents
“The Secretary shall develop, submit for review to the Homeland
Security Council, and administer a National Incident
Management System (NIMS). This system will provide a
consistent nationwide approach for Federal, State, and local
governments to work effectively and efficiently together to
prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic
incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity. To
provide for interoperability and compatibility among Federal,
State, and local capabilities, the NIMS will include a core set of
concepts, principles, terminology, and technologies covering
the incident command system; multi-agency coordination
systems; unified command; training; identification and
management of resources (including systems for classifying
types of resources); qualifications and certification; and the
collection, tracking, and reporting of incident information and
incident resources.” UCI Company Proprietary
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What is IMS?
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Boilerplate - rules of the game
A toolbox - “Use what you need!”
Common terms
Bottom up decision making
Effective resource allocation
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Who Does IMS Apply To?
FIRST RESPONDERS
• Typically considered Fire, Police,
Paramedic, Emergency Medicine, Public
Health
• New concepts include convergent response
• Generally consists of first organized
response
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Actions of civilian responders
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Stumble into the mayhem
Hopefully recognize the problem
Apply limited resources
Scream for help
Locals act as “speed bumps.” (J. Denney, LAFD)
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Convergent Players
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Utility companies
Postal and express delivery services
Meter readers and inspectors
Transit – Buses and taxis
Public works crews
Private security and volunteer watch groups
Real estate agents
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Incident Management Systems
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Urban Fire IMS
Wildland Fire IMS
Emer. Medical IMS
Law Enforcement IMS
Public Works IMS
Hospital Emer. IMS
National Interagency
Incident Mgmt. Sys.
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Basic principles
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Function driven
Span of control< 5
Inter-agency model
Effective resource
allocation
• Information sharing &
group decision making
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The CNN factor
The big dog will eat;
you can feed him,
or he’ll go through
your garbage!
“Embedded Reporter”
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IMS/DoD Integration
• Unified command – both parties share the
sandbox
• DoD integration at the section level
(operations, logistics, planning)
• DoD units team with strike teams, task
forces, or units (ex: CBIRF with Haz Mat)
• Any combinations of the above
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Presidential Strategy
• HLS – build and oversee national system
for incident management
• State/local adoption requirement for Federal
funding
• Essential Requirements:
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Standard incident management system
Interagency planning
Wireless communication interoperability
Local threat assessment and notification
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The Big Four Revisited
1.) Joint operations – IMS/C3I integration;
national ICS all-hazard overhead teams
2.) Common Operational Picture – Coordination
with Northern Command; Access 250
3.) Planning and sustainability – DoD planning
model integrated into IMS; national cache
system with national contracting model
4.) Training – Required integrated/coordinated
with common exercise objectives
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Information Operations (IO)
• Most agencies are
clueless!
• What does the
community have to
know?
• Our infrastructure is a
“house of cards.”
• Websites are “wide
open”
• We need standards,
guidance, and training.
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WTC Communications
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Very complex incident
Command destroyed
Mass officer fatalities
Confused situational
awareness
• Com incompatibility in
every U.S. region
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D.C. Police Experience on Sept. 11
• OPM closed federal offices but never
notified Metro (D.C.) Police
• Metro Police got alerts from CNN
• Local officials were out of position and
could not move due to traffic
• All comm was overloaded or failed
• The 50 year old EBS system was never used
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The New Threat Warning System
• National level
threat advisory
system
• Warnings are not
threat and location
specific
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Threat Warning System
• Purpose
– To standardize knowledge and response to
various threat levels
– To allow various communities and
organizations to have a “common operational
picture” of the situation
• Replaces ad-hoc alert levels and status
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Threat Warning System
• Low Condition (green)
– Low Risk of Attack
– Actions include
• General training and review of plans
• Maintenance of response capability
• Practice Institutional Response
Procedures
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Threat Warning System
• Guarded Condition (Blue)
– Possibility of generalized terrorist attack
• No specific threat
• No specific target
– Actions include
• Check communications with emergency
resources
• Review and update emergency procedures
• Provide public with information to assist in
their preparedness
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Threat Warning System
• Elevated Condition (Yellow)
– Significant risk of terrorist attack
• No specific targets but possible specified threat
– Actions include
• Increase surveillance of critical locations
• Coordinate emergency plans as appropriate with
nearby jurisdictions
• Assess whether specific threat requires modification of
plans
• Implement, as appropriate, contingency and
emergency operations plans
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Threat Warning System
• High Condition (Orange)
– High risk of terrorist attacks
• Specific Threats
• Specific Targets
– Actions include
• Coordinate necessary security efforts at all levels of
government
• Take additional precautions at high vulnerability, high
risk venues
• Prepare to execute contingency emergency procedures
• Restrict access, as needed, to threatened facilities
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Threat Warning System
• Severe Condition (Red)
– Severe Risk of Terrorist Attack
• Credible, specific evidence
• High reliability of data
• Corroboration of information
– Actions include
• Increasing staff and personnel to emergency levels
• Assigning and deploying emergency response personnel
and deploying teams and equipment
• Monitoring, redirecting or constraining transportation
• Closing public and government facilities
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After The Anthrax Scares
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The FBI said, “Quit calling us.”
The fire guys said, “Quit calling us.”
The Police picked up the slack.
No training
No protocols
No equipment
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COMMUNICATION
THREAT TYPES
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HAZMAT
Blast/Burn
Mass Casualty
Infrastructure
Almost all incidents are combinations of two
or more of the above
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COMMUNICATION
PRIORITIES
• LIFE
• PROPERTY
• ATTRIBUTION
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COMMUNICATION
OTHER ISSUES
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Classification and security
Incompatible radios and commo gear
Differences in methodology and CONOPS
Who’s in charge and does what?
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Anthrax Lessons
Decision Making without Data
• Need to make decisions rapidly in the
absence of data
• Access to subject matter experts was limited
• No “textbook” experience to guide response
• Understanding of “risk” evolved as outbreak
unfolded
• Need coherent, rapid process for addressing
scientific issues in midst of crisis
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Northern Command
• New command since
September 11
• Responsible for the
CONUS
• Assets loaned from
other DoD commands
• Integrates with local
responders
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Integration – Coordinating with
Other Agencies
• Multiple emergency operations centers
(EOC)
• When do you set up a local EOC?
• Beware of multiple command posts!
• Mobile communications units are not
always compatible
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National Caches
• Regional
• Centralized ordering and Control System
• Incorporates push and pull logistics
strategy
• Applicable for counter terrorism and other
response caches
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Pharmaceutical Supplies
• Presently based on JIT (just-in-time)
inventory practices
• Most hospitals and EMS services have only
a two day supply
• DHHS/DHS presently working on national
pharmaceutical cache system
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Quote of the Briefing
“Any sufficiently advanced technology
is indistinguishable from magic.”
Arthur C. Clark
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RESPONSES
TECHNOLOGY
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NO R&D dollars in civilian first response community
Must leverage existing resources
Difference between system and technology
Recognize difference in missions and requirements
– Electronic Warfare
– Reliability
• Needs MUST drive technology, not other way
around
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HLS C2 ACTD Vision
To define, refine and transition technologies
and concepts of operations that significantly
increase DoD Homeland Security
responsiveness in consequence management,
crisis response, deterrence and intelligence
coordination.
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Recommended Focus
Crisis response… Request for assistance – Strategic,
Operational, and Tactical
Consequence management… Request for support -Strategic,
Operational, and Tactical
Training… Embedded self- training simulation package
Common Relevant Operational Picture development
•Land, Maritime, Air, MACA domains
•Web-based
•Geo-spatially referenced
•Multi-level security
•Automated Response Data Processing
Assured redundant conductivity, voice, data, collaboration
•Voice to text
•Text to voice
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Problem Statement
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Communications interrupted
DoD insight was very limited
Limited Intelligence sharing
Slow Command, Control, and Coordination
between
DoD and
Civil authorities
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Lessons Learned
• Interoperability
– Continued work is needed to provide data and application
integration for time-sensitive situational awareness, command,
control, and coordination
• Situational Awareness
– Better methods to extract and disseminate sensor data for
visualization and alerting
– Improve and automate the responder’s ability to recognize and
navigate available IT services
• Assured Connectivity
– Quicker, easier configuration of communications equipment
– Rapid deployment of wideband communications
• Information Assurance and Security
– Improve protection of critical command, control and
coordination links between all civil and federal responders
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From April 2002, Crisis
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Response Demonstration
HLS TECHNOLOGY
•Communications
– Assurance
– Reliable
– Bandwidth enhancement
– QoS
– Interoperability
•Network tools
– Privacy
– Security
•Visualization tools
•Collaboration tools
•Planning and management applications
•Modeling tools
•Reporting toolsUCI Company Proprietary
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Summary
• Threats are NOT magic!
• Neither is the technology to combat them!
• The user is the final say and expert, not the
marketer or technology developer
• No technology is a solution unto itself; they all
require doctrine: The two together must be
assessed and are a SYSTEM!
• Consider the mission as a system, not in
isolation
• Use minimum technology necessary to get job
done- we are not here to play with toys!
• Technology must be driven by needs, never
drive them
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MOST IMPORTANT!
• NO TECHNOLOGY IS A PANACEA!
– NOTHING replaces well trained and capable
personnel
– Every technology must have a doctrine for
use along with it, otherwise it is useless, and
can cost lives
– Doctrine/need must drive technology, not be
driven by it
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NOTHING REPLACES WELL
TRAINED, COMPETENT AND
MOTIVATED
PROFESSIONALS!
NOTHING!
PEOPLE ARE THE MOST
IMPORTANT ASSET
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