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Executive Technology Strategies June 21, 2010 Experture ETS 10-06-12 WebSphere (IBM) vs. Apache Tomcat (Sun/Oracle) /RFG …experts on demand Client Challenge: Our client is looking to evaluate the respective strengths and weaknesses between WebSphere application server solutions and the Apache Tomcat open source server architecture. WebSphere current version 7.0 (release date 9/08) Tomcat current version 6.0.26 (release date 3/10) This comparison is presented in two parts. The first is a high-level summary with strengths and weaknesses and the second is a detailed feature comparison. Apache Tomcat IBM Websphere Summary Description Designed to be an open source “development Application server has been designed as part kit” to enable different versions of XML and of the WebSphere brand and version 7.0 is HTML to run in a mixed server/application focused on improved administration and environment. automation. Tomcat implements the servlet and the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems. It's considered to be a web server. The Tomcat servlet engine often appears in combination with an Apache webserver. Tomcat can also function as an independent web server in itself: it operates as such in development environments and others with minimal requirements for speed and transaction handling. WebSphere was based on the IBM SanFrancisco Java application framework and its Component Broker, both of which predate J2EE standards. Sun’s policy with compliance is1: Websphere 7.0 is Java EE 5 compliant. respect to Java EE Tomcat is based on the original implementation of the JavaServer Pages (JSP) and Java Servlet specifications, which was donated by Sun to the Apache Software Foundation in 1999. Sun continues to participate in development of Tomcat at Apache, focusing on keeping Tomcat current with new versions of the specifications coming out of the Java Community Source Process (SM). Sun adapts and integrates the then-current Tomcat source code into new releases of the Java EE SDK. Versions 1 http://java.sun.com/javaee/reference/faq/javaee_faq.jsp#Tomca Copyright © 2004-2010 Robert Frances Group and Experture, all rights reserved 20 Crooked Mile Road, Westport, CT. 06880; (203) 557-0856; http://www.experture.com/; Contact: [email protected] June 21, 2010 Executive Technology Strategies ETS 10-06-12 Apache Tomcat There are several versions of Apache Tomcat. Each version builds upon the previous version2. IBM Websphere There are three versions of Application Server3: Apache Tomcat 6.0.26 (Current release date March 11, 2010) is the current focus of development. It builds upon the improvements made in Tomcat 5.5.x and implements the Servlet 2.5 and JSP 2.1 specifications. In addition to that, it includes the following improvements: Memory usage optimizations Advanced IO capabilities Refactored clustering WebSphere Standard Edition WebSphere Standard Edition is a servlet/JSP container layer that runs on top of an HTTP server. It works with a number of popular HTTP servers, including IBM HTTP Server, Microsoft IIS, and Netscape iPlanet server. WebSphere Standard Edition supports static HTML pages, servlets, JavaServer Pages, and XML . Apache Tomcat 5.5.x supports the same Servlet and JSP Specification versions as Apache Tomcat 5.0.x. There are significant changes in many areas under the hood, resulting in improved performance, stability, and total cost of ownership. WebSphere Advanced Edition WebSphere Advanced Edition contains all the features of Standard Edition, and also includes: Full support for the Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJB) component model Workload management (WLM) features to support multiple servers within a single administrative domain WebSphere Advanced Edition is IBM's core J2EE server. Apache Tomcat 5.0.x improves on Apache Tomcat 4.1 in many ways, including: Performance optimizations and reduced garbage collection Refactored application deployer, with an optional standalone deployer allowing validation and compilation of a web application before putting it in production Complete server monitoring using JMX and the manager web application Scalability and reliability enhancements Improved Taglibs handling, including advanced pooling and tag plugins Improved platform integration, with native Windows and Unix wrappers Embedding using JMX Enhanced Security Manager support Integrated session clustering Expanded documentation WebSphere Enterprise Edition WebSphere Enterprise Edition includes all of the features in Advanced Edition, and also includes: Component Broker (CB), the IBM Object Request Broker TXSeries, the IBM transactional middleware solution with two transaction processing monitors: CICS and Encina 2 3 Websphere In WebSphere Enterprise Edition, the Component Broker serves both EJBs and CORBA objects. TXSeries provides a pure transactional environment, for applications that don't require an EJB/component-based/objectoriented programming model. Depending on your requirements, you could use either or both. http://tomcat.apache.org/whichversion.html http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B12428_15/migrate.904/b10426/comparis.htm Copyright © 2004-2010 Robert Frances Group and Experture, all rights reserved 20 Crooked Mile Road, Westport, CT. 06880; (203) 557-0856; http://www.experture.com/; Contact: [email protected] June 21, 2010 Executive Technology Strategies ETS 10-06-12 Apache Tomcat IBM Websphere Strengths By far the most widely deployed web solution – Provides a wide range of support for both 100 million sites (64% of enterprises4) - packaged and legacy applications, reducing because of comprehensive developer tools the degree of customized programming and which enable different and non compatible web development. based content to be combined in a defined server environment. Integrated architecture of provides higher levels of performance, i.e., speed, to deliver Top level ASF project. improved service levels to end-users. Has a small core developer group. Has been around since 1999. Offers both an Express and Community (open source) version of their application server solution. It is actively developed; 1 new version per month. Lightweight – core is less than 10MB. Flexible and configurable – supports many configuration options; full HTTPS, Virtual Host Functionality, Access logging, Multiple deployment methods, any part of Tomcat can be swapped out with a proprietary implementation. Robust and scalable – code base is mature, enhancements are carefully screened. As an open source application tool kit, Tomcat is both cost effective and current in design and functionality. Is part of current trend to replace JEE containers with lightweight containers. Weaknesses While utilized in some very large organizations, Regardless of the marketing claims, will be the solution functions most optimally in limited more expensive (>$1,000) than open source server environments. solutions. Although open source, it is still closely integrated and associated with Sun – now part of Oracle – and there is uncertainty about resource commitment beyond the open source community. 4 Can be a difficult vendor to manage as multiple teams try to gain traction for hardware, software, services and support. Is not as lightweight – 600mb for Application Server Express. Tomcat in the Enterprise, Spring Source, 2008. Copyright © 2004-2010 Robert Frances Group and Experture, all rights reserved 20 Crooked Mile Road, Westport, CT. 06880; (203) 557-0856; http://www.experture.com/; Contact: [email protected] June 21, 2010 Executive Technology Strategies ETS 10-06-12 In order to complete this comparison, Experture used the feature matrix provided by IBM for its Websphere Application Server and filled in the table for Apache Tomcat. There are some significant differences: 1. IBM has bundled some additional features that are not included in Tomcat since these are usually provided by other vendors and are not considered in Tomcat’s scope – this is reflected in IBM’s significantly larger footprint (600mb vs. 10mb). 2. The fundamental differences such as open source, code origin and support paradigms. Features Apache Tomcat 6.x Websphere Application Server 7.0 No No Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Partial Yes Yes Yes Web 2.0 AJAX Messaging AJAX Development Tools Yes No Yes Yes Web Services Support OASIS Interoperability with vendors such as Microsoft® Yes Yes Yes Yes Security Security Auditing Kerbeos authentication and single sign-on Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) Common Criteria Assurance Level 4 Certification Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Platforms Supported Microsoft Windows Linux IBM AIX Sun Solaris HP-UNIX IBM i Linux on IBM 64 bit addressing Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Features Runtime provisioning Full Java EE 5 support Enterprise Java Beans 3.0 Large-scale transaction support 24x7 product support Broad operating-system support and database connectivity Simple failover Reporting and chargeback: granular reporting on resource consumption Optimized to instantly run in VMware and other virtualization environments Open Source Based Lightweight Java Programming Full Java EE, Version 5.0 support and EJB 3.0 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Copyright © 2004-2010 Robert Frances Group and Experture, all rights reserved 20 Crooked Mile Road, Westport, CT. 06880; (203) 557-0856; http://www.experture.com/; Contact: [email protected] June 21, 2010 Executive Technology Strategies ETS 10-06-12 The Bottom Line: Apache Tomcat was started in 1999. It is a top project for ASF and as such gets a lot of attention; significant number of downloads and code change submittals. In addition, according to numerous sources, Tomcat is used by a majority of enterprises. Experture recommends that although IBM is already in place that Tomcat be reviewed as a viable alternative. Copyright © 2004-2010 Robert Frances Group and Experture, all rights reserved 20 Crooked Mile Road, Westport, CT. 06880; (203) 557-0856; http://www.experture.com/; Contact: [email protected]