Download Clinical Anatomy Course - Elements of Radiology provides

Clinical Anatomy Course - Elements of Radiology provides the students with basic
knowledge of radiological anatomy, reasoning for application of particular modalities
depending on the clinical setting, basic ultrasound manual skills, as well as utilization
of CT/MRI workstation.
The course is organized in 6 classes:
U1: Overview of ultrasonography. Ultrasound anatomy of the abdomen, part 1.
U2: Ultrasound anatomy of the abdomen, part 2.
U3: Ultrasound anatomy of the kidneys and pelvic organs. Critical care
ultrasonography (CCUS) and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), part 1.
U4: Ultrasound anatomy of the pelvis and abdomen revised. FAST exam and Pointof-care ultrasound, part 2
TK1: Computed Tomography chest and head anatomy
TK2: Computed Tomography anatomy of the abdominal cavity
Each class begins with an introductory lecture, followed by the practical part utilizing
ultrasound equipment or imaging workstations.
At the end of the course students take the final test (MCQs and radiological anatomy
images).
Detailed Syllabus:
U1: Overview of ultrasonography. Ultrasound anatomy of the abdomen, part 1.
Theory:
• Basic physics and equipment
• Language of ultrasonography
• B-mode; M-mode, 3D and 4D mode; color Doppler, contrast-enhanced
ultrasound, elastography
• Most common artifacts in two-dimensional B-scan
• Understanding scanning planes. Measurements in USG
• Anatomy revisited:
• Transverse epigastric scan – understanding topography
• Large vessels of abdomen and pelvis
• pancreas
• liver, hepatobiliary ducts and the gallbladder
• spleen
• small and large intestine
Skills:
• Practical part: identifying organs using ultrasound equipment
Required readings:
1. Students are required to review topography and cross-sections of upper
abdominal organs.
F.H.Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th Edition.
2. Lecture USG Anatomy (www.imul.pl:Teaching Aids)
3. Textbook. Ultrasound anatomy of the abdominal and pelvic cavity
( www.imul.pl:Textbook)
Additional readings:
1. UpToDate:
• Ultrasonography of the hepatobiliary tract
• Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults
• Transabdominal ultrasonography of the small and large intestine
• Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: Gastrointestinal applications outside of the
liver
2. http://sonomir.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/fast-protocol.pdf
3. http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com
4. http://www.ultrasound-images.com
5. http://www.ultrasoundcases.info
6. http://www.aboutultrasound.com
U2: Ultrasound anatomy of the abdomen, part 2.
Theory:
• Ultrasound anatomy of the upper abdomen - revision:
• pancreas
• liver
• hepatobiliary ducts and the gallbladder
• spleen
• small and large intestine
• Ultrasound anatomy and anatomical variants of the kidneys
Skills:
• Practical part: identifying organs using ultrasound equipment
Required readings:
1. Students are required to review topography and cross-sections of upper
abdominal organs.
F.H.Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th Edition.
2. Lecture USG Anatomy (www.imul.pl:Teaching Aids)
3. Textbook. Ultrasound anatomy of the abdominal and pelvic cavity
( www.imul.pl:Textbook)
Additional readings:
1. UpToDate:
• Ultrasonography of the hepatobiliary tract
• Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults
• Transabdominal ultrasonography of the small and large intestine
• Radiologic assessment of renal disease
2. http://sonomir.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/fast-protocol.pdf
3. http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com
4. http://www.ultrasound-images.com
5. http://www.ultrasoundcases.info
6. http://www.aboutultrasound.com
U3: Ultrasound anatomy of the kidneys and pelvic organs. Critical care
ultrasonography (CCUS) and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), part 1.
Theory:
• Understanding ultrasound anatomy of the pelvis
• Ultrasound anatomy of the urinary bladder and ureter
• Ultrasound anatomy of male reproductive organs
• Ultrasound anatomy of female reproductive organs
Differences between abdominal and transvaginal US
• Critical care ultrasonography – an overview
• FAST protocol
Skills:
• Practical part: identifying organs using ultrasound equipment, introduction to
FAST
Required readings:
1. Students are required to review topography of abdomen and pelvic organs.
F.H.Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th Edition.
2. Lecture USG Anatomy (www.imul.pl: Teaching Aids)
Additional readings:
1. UpToDate:
• Radiologic assessment of renal disease
• Emergency ultrasound in adults with abdominal and thoracic trauma
• Indications for bedside ultrasonography in the critically-ill adult
• Evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated
hypotension and shock
• Thoracic ultrasound: Indications, advantages, and technique
• Imaging of pneumothorax
2. http://www.centrus.com.br
3. http://www.ultrasoundcases.info
4. http://www.ultrasound-images.com
5. http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com
6. http://www.aboutultrasound.com
U4: Ultrasound anatomy of the pelvis and abdomen revised. FAST exam and Pointof-care ultrasound, part 2
Theory:
• Point-of-care ultrasound
• FAST exam: definition and overview
Skills:
• Practical part: identifying organs using ultrasound equipment, FAST
1. Students are required to review topography and cross-sections of upper
abdominal organs.
F.H.Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th Edition.
2. Lecture USG Anatomy (www.imul.pl:Teaching Aids)
3. Textbook. Ultrasound anatomy of the abdominal and pelvic cavity
( www.imul.pl:Textbook)
Additional readings:
1. UpToDate:
• Radiologic assessment of renal disease
• Emergency ultrasound in adults with abdominal and thoracic trauma
• Indications for bedside ultrasonography in the critically-ill adult
• Evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated
hypotension and shock
• Thoracic ultrasound/ Indications, advantages, and technique
• Imaging of pneumothorax
2. http://www.centrus.com.br
3. http://www.ultrasoundcases.info
4. http://www.ultrasound-images.com
5. http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com
6. http://www.aboutultrasound.com
TK1: Computed Tomography chest and head anatomy
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Basic methods of chest imaging
Advantages and disadvantages of imaging modalities
Techniques of performing CT examination
Understanding the difference between native scanning and post contrast
series
General anatomy of the chest
Detailed anatomy of the mediastinum, broncho – pulmonary segments of the
lungs, bronchial tree, pulmonary vessels, heart
AJCC classification of mediastinal lymph nodes
Qanadli score for severity of pulmonary embolism
Dimensions of the heart chambers and main vessels – normal values
Aneurysm of thoracic aorta, diagnostic criteria
Practical part: utilization of diagnostic console, evaluation of cross- sectional
slices and application of secondary reconstructions, understanding planes of
visualization, identifying basic structures on x-ray of the chest and CT
examination
Head CT study – indications and limitations
Main brain structures visualized with CT
Age changes of the brain structure
Intracranial hematomas – clinical & radiological presentation
Required readings:
1. Students are required to review topography and cross-sections the chest and head
F.H.Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th Edition.
2. Lecture TK1 (www.imul.pl)
Additional readings:
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bronchopulmonary-segmental-anatomy-1
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/normal-contours-of-the-cardiomediastinum-onchest-radiography
http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p4646f1278c26f/mediastinum-lymph-nodemap.html
http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p48ce14c4dcd2e/cardiac-anatomy.html
TK2: Computed Tomography anatomy of the abdominal cavity
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Basic methods of imaging of the abdomen
Indications for performing x-ray, contrast examinations, CT, MRI and US of
the abdomen
General anatomy of the abdomen
Detailed anatomy of the liver lobes and segments, spleen, pancreas, kidneys,
abdominal vessels
Balthazar score for severity of acute pancreatitis
Portal hypertension – reasons, diagnostics and treatment (TIPSS procedure)
Aneurysm of abdominal aorta, diagnostic criteria
Peritoneum – anatomy and its role in metastatic spread
Practical part: identifying basic structures on CT examination of the abdomen
Required readings:
1. Students are required to review topography and cross-sections the abdomen.
F.H.Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th Edition. Plates:
2. Lecture TK2 (www.imul.pl)
Additional readings:
http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p4375bb8dc241d/anatomy-of-the-liversegments.html
http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p4a252c5303035/peritoneum-and-mesenterypart-i-anatomy.html