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• Hitler
• Stalin
• Mao Zedong
• Kim Jong-il
• Tito
• Milosevic
• Napoleon
What do they have in common?
• leaders, heads of state, some of them might
be referred to as dictators (a ruler who has
sole and absolute power)
• Orwell criticises totalitarianism – a political
system where the state, usually under the
control of a single political person or faction,
recognizes no limits to its authority and strives
to regulate every aspect of public and private
life wherever feasible.
Totalitarianism
• Authoritarianism is a form of social organization
characterized by submission to authority. It is
opposed to individualism and democracy.
• Ideology is a system of values propagated by
institutional means to direct most if not all
aspects of public and private life.
• Totalitarianism is an extreme version of
authoritarianism. Authoritarianism primarily
differs from totalitarianism in that social and
economic institutions exist that are not under
governmental control.
Russian Revolution 1917
• the collective term for a series of revolutions in
Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist
autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet
Union.
• the Tsar was deposed and replaced by a
provisional government in the first revolution of
February 1917. In the second revolution, during
October, the Provisional Government was
removed and replaced with a Bolshevik
(Communist) government led by Lenin.
Important characters
in the Russian Revolution and after
• Vladimir Lenin – leader of the Bolsheviks, his
ideas were based on the ideology of Karl Marx.
• Leon Trotsky – the second most important person
of the Bolshevik party famous for his speeches
and revolutionary character.
• Joseph Stalin - assumed the leading role in Soviet
politics after Lenin's death in 1924, and became
leader of the Soviet Union. (the Great Purge,
communist governments in most countries in
Eastern Europe after WWII).