Download Major Conflicts/Wars Chapters 19-33 American Revolution: 1775

Major Conflicts/Wars Chapters 19-33
American Revolution: 1775-1800
-Popular unrest among Americans against British.
-American won and achieved independence.
French Revolution: 1789-1815
-Society divided into 3 estates; 1st estate (church/clergy) 2nd estate (nobility) and 3rd
estate (everyone else)
-Poor constituted 80% of the population, frequently revolted.
-War debt of France caused Louis XV to impose taxes on nobility, nobility protested,
eventually revolted.
-Parisians captured the Bastille, peasants revolted in the countryside.
-Louis XVI executed, Robespierre and the Jacobins took over, had a reign of terror.
-Napoleon takes over, expanded empire, eventually executed.
-Congress of Vienna under the leadership of Metternich stabilized France; balance of
power.
Haitian Revolution: 1789-1804
-Whites and gens de couleur took advantage of turmoil in France.
-Slaves revolted against their masters, lead by François Toussaint L’Overture.
Independence for Spanish South America: 1810-1825
-Simón Bolívar lead juntas in a revolution.
-Captured Buenos Aires, defeated San Martín in Peru.
Mexico: 1810-1823
-Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla urged an uprising, José María Morelos succeeded Costilla.
-Iturbide took over government, he was executed and Mexico became a republic.
Brazil: to 1831
-Brazilians revolted against Portugal, Pedro lead them in their revolt against his own
father and declared independence.
Crimean War: 1853-1856
-Eastern Question: Should the Ottoman Empire exist/ who would take over the territory?
-Russians and Ottomans fought; Britain and France sent troops to prevent Russia from
gaining territory.
Opium War: 1839-1850
-Qing banned import of British opium, British fought the ban.
-Treaty of Nanking gave Britain the most-favored-nation status and treaty ports.
WW1: 14914-1919
-Caused by nationalism, militarization, and the alliance system.
-Fought inconclusive trench warfare on the Western Front.
-Woodrow Wilson made his 14 Points
-Treaty of Versailles said that Germany couldn’t have an air force and they had to pay
reparations. Was a huge failure.
WW2: 1933-1944
-Hitler took over Germany and conquered parts of Europe because of Chamberlain’s
policy of appeasement.
-Soviets originally allied with Hitler, but later transferred allegiance to the Allies.
-Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, US retaliated at the Battle of Midway.
-D-Day ended the war.
Indian Independence: 1905-1947
-Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League were formed.
-Gandhi preached nonviolence to gain independence.
-Jawaharlal Nehru became the 1st prime minister of India.
-India and Pakistan became bitter enemies.
Mexican Revolution: 1910
-Diaz turned Mexico City into a showplace.
-Zapata and Villa lead revolts against haciendas.
-Cardenas became president and redistributed land and began reforms.
Cold War: 1946-1991
-Idealogical war between US capitalism and Soviet Communism.
-Conflict between the two indirectly shown in the Vietnam war and the Korean war.
-nonaligned nations used the Soviets and the USA to gain support, weapons, etc.
-fought proxy wars.
Latin America
-Brazilian Solution consisted of death squads.
-This idea implemented by Allende in Chile.
Islamic Revolutions
-Khomeini overthrew Pahlavi.
-Saddam Hussain invaded Iran to preserve his own power.