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Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe Poland Czechoslovakia East Germany Nature of resistance before the ‘80’s East German Riots 1953: Protests in Poland in 1956: Protests over rising prices of basic needs and working conditions in Poznan. Prague Spring 1968: Polish military used force to end the protests. Reformer Wladyslaw Gomulka appointed General Secretary. Soviet military leader Rokossovsky was sent back to Moscow (Polish October). Khrushchev Ultimatum 1958 and Berlin Wall crisis of 1961: Strikes in Poland in 1976: Strikes over rising food prices. Western Banks (rich from Arab oil money) loaned money to Eastern European governments whose economies were weak. Food shortages (farming in Poland was not collectivized) led to increased food prices. Helsinki Peace Accords of 1975: