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Component 3 Unit 1 Lecture 3 Script
1. Slide 1
Understanding Medical Words, Part III
In part III, we will discuss ways to describe the body in relation to cell types, body
systems, and body cavities as well as reviewing directional terms
2. Slide 2
Describing the Body - Cell Types
The body is composed of different types of cells. The cells come together to
form tissues. A tissue is formed when like cells are grouped together and
function together to perform a specific activity. The body has four types of
tissues:
Connective tissue supports and protects the body structure. Bones, ligaments,
tendons are forms of connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, inside and outside. The skin, lining of the
stomach and intestines are examples of epithelial tissue.
Muscle tissue helps the body move. Skeletal muscles are one examples of
muscle tissue.
Nervous tissue carries messages from brain and spinal column and allows
information to be sent between the brain and the rest of the body through a
network of nerves.
3. Slide 3
Describing the Body - Systems
Cells form into tissues; tissues form into organs and organs form into systems. A
system is composed of several organs functioning together in a coordinated
manner. The body is divided into various systems. These include:
The Integumentary system. This body system includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat
and oil glands. It receives sensory information for the sensations of pain, touch,
and temperature. It protects the internal organs from infection and trauma and
regulates the body temperature by sweating.
Musculoskeletal system. This body systems includes muscles, bones, and
cartilage. It supports the body and produces body movement.
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Cardiovascular system. This body includes the heart and blood vessels. It
pumps blood throughout the body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes.
4. Slide 4
Describing the Body - Systems
Respiratory system. This system includes the lungs and airways. It obtains
oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Nervous system. This system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It
receives information from the body relating to the senses and pain, touch,
temperature, and body position. It coordinates body movement and stores and
interprets memory and emotion.
Urinary system. This system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Its function relates to excreting urine and waste products.
5. Slide 5
Describing the Body - Systems
Female reproductive system. This system includes the ovaries, vagina, fallopian
tubes, uterus, and mammary glands. This system secretes hormones, produces
ova, and regulates menstruation, pregnancy, and milk production from the
breasts.
Male reproductive system. This system includes the testes, penis, prostate
gland, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. This system secretes hormones and
produces sperm.
Sometimes, these two systems are combined and referred to generally as the
Reproductive System.
6. Slide 6
Describing the Body - Systems
Blood system. This system includes the blood and all components. The
functions of this system is to transport oxygen, protect against pathogens, and
controls bleeding.
Lymphatic & immune system. This system includes the lymph, lymph glands,
and lymphatic vessels. This system is key in recognizing and destroying
disease-causing organisms and abnormal cells.
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Digestive system. This system includes all organs of digestion and excretion. It
digests food, absorbs nutrients into the blood, and excretes undigested wastes.
It receives sensory information for the sense of taste.
Endocrine system. This system includes all of the various hormone glands. It
produces and secretes hormones into the blood that direct other body organs.
7. Slide 7
Describing the Body - Systems
Sensory system. This system includes the eyes, ears, and all body parts related
to the five senses of Seeing, Smelling, Hearing, Tasting, and Feeling.
Some parts of this system may be included within other body systems. Primary
components of this system are the eyes and ears.
8. Slide 8
Body Cavities
A cavity is a hollow space and is surrounded by ones or muscles that support
and protect the organs and structures within the cavity. There are four body
cavities:
Cranial - The cranial cavity contains the brain.
Spinal - The spinal cavity contains spinal cord.
Thoracic - The thoracic cavity contains the heart, lungs, and associated
structures
Abdominopelvic - The abdonimopelvic cavity contains digestive, excretory,
reproductive organs and structures.
9. Slide 9
Directional Terms
Directional terms help to describe one process, organ, or system as it relates to
another. They also assist in discussing the position or location of the patient's
complaint.
Common directional terms include:
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Anterior or ventral is the front of the body.
Posterior or dorsal is the back of the body.
Inferior is below another structure; moving more toward the feet
Superior is above another structure; moving more toward the head
Lateral is along side another structure;
Medial refers to the middle or near middle of the body or structure
10. Slide 10
Directional Terms
Additional directional terms include:
Proximal located near the trunk or point of attachment to the body
Distal located is away from trunk or point of attachment to the body
Supine refers to the position when you are lying on your spine with your face
upward.
Prone refers to lying on your stomach with your face down.
11. Slide 11
Tell me, Detective . . .
So let's see how these terms might be used.
A dead body is discovered lying in the prone position in an alleyway. Which of
the following observations can you make without moving the body?
Puncture wound below the navel.
Laceration in the pectoral region.
Crush injury to sternum.
Gunshot wound to right buttock.
The correct answer is a gunshot wound to right buttock. Remember that Prone
means lying face down.
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