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10th World Studies 5.18.17
Turn in:
 Nothing
Take out :
 Planner/Calendar
 Note-taking device
Today’s Learning Objectives:
 I can describe the events of a
battle or operation of WWII
and its impact on Europe.
Today’s Agenda:
 Conferences
 There’s just so
many…
 Let’s revisit Yalta
HW:

***CRA Conference
Readings—Yalta***
You will need this to
be prepared for
tomorrow…
Tehran
November 28, 1943
U.S., Britain, and USSR
Tehran
November 28, 1943
U.S., Britain, Russia
• First time the Big Three met together
• Discussed military strategy
– Open Second Front--D Day invasion
– Simultaneous Third Front--Russian counter-attack (pincer
movement)
– Russian commitment to attack Japan after German
defeat
– Inconclusive regarding postwar Germany
By 1944, the Allies
decided to open a
Western Front by invading
Nazi-occupied France
Operation Overlord
(called D-Day) in June
1944 was the largest land
& sea attack in history
Bretton Woods Conference
July 1, 1944
44 Nations
Bretton Woods Economic Conference
July 1, 1944
44 Nations
• International
monetary fund
• Fixed exchange
rate based on gold
• International bank
for reconstruction
and development
Yalta
February 4, 1945
U.S., Britain, Russia
In February 1945, the
Stalin agreed to send troops
“Big Three” met at the to help the U.S. invade Japan
Yalta Conference to
They agreed to allow selfcreate a plan for Europe determination (free elections)
after the war was over in nations freed from Nazi rule
They agreed to
occupy Germany
after the war
They agreed to
create & join a
United Nations
Yalta
February 4, 1945
U.S., Britain, Russia
• Soviet Concessions
– Allow free elections in Poland
– Commitment to support war in
Asia within 3 months of German
surrender
• Soviet Compensation
– Russia allowed to determine
Polish boundaries
– Receive territory in Manchuria,
Sakhalin Islands, Chinese ports
• Proposed formation of United
Nations
• Established war crimes trials
• Proposed division of Germany into
four cooperative zones
Accomplished
•
•
•
•
•
•
European stability.
Division of Germany.
Prosecution of criminals
Poland.
UN.
USSR to help USA in war against
Japan.
…and
allowedinvasion
the
At the same time, the Soviet
The
Normandy
Allies
push but
towards
army pushed from the East
was to
deadly,
the
Germany
from the
West
Allied victory
created
a Western Front…
Forced to fight a two-front war, By March 1945, the
Hitler ordered a massive
Allies were fighting in
counter-attack at the
Germany & pushing
Battle of the Bulge..but lost
towards Berlin
In July 1945, the bomb was
The bomb
was constructed
successfully
tested in
at Los Alamos,
a secret city
Oak Ridge,
TNProject Trinity
NewinMexico
during
Physicist Enrico Fermi at the
Nuclear
plant in Hanford, WA
University
of
Chicago
developed
In April 1945, FDR died
&
his
VP
Harry
Truman
developed the plutonium
the
nuclear
reaction
had to decide how to end the war in the Pacific
American & British
troops invaded Italy,
took Sicily in 1943,
seized Rome in 1944
The
Alliesthe
defeated
Germany Instead, Britain & USA
When
USA entered
Mussolini
wasAxis
at
the Battle
of El Alamein
WWII,
Stalin wanted
the In 1945,
agreed
to fight the
captured
& executed
by
inAllies
1942to&open
thenapushed
Westernthe
Powers
in North Africa
Axis&Powers
out of Africa
Front
divide German
army the Italian
(Stalinresistance
was angry )
In April 1945, the Soviet
army captured Berlin
On April 30, 1945,
Hitler committed suicide
On May 9, 1945, the
German government
signed an unconditional
surrender to the Allies
The world celebrated
V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
As the Allies pushed into Germany & Poland, troops
discovered & liberated concentration & death camps
Potsdam
July 17, 1945
U.S., Britain, USSR
Yalta Conference
CRIMEA CONFERENCE, UKRAINE
February 1945
Yalta Conference
• 6 Topics Discussed:
1. Want unconditional surrender of
Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)
2. League of Nations was ineffective—
US, England, Russia, France, China
should form United Nations
(international organization to keep
peace after war)
Yalta Conference
• Topics Discussed:
3. Russia would declare war on
Japan (& help USA invade Japan)
after Germany surrendered
4. Divide Austria, Germany & capital
Berlin into 4 occupied zones
(controlled US, England, France, &
USSR)
Yalta Conference
• Topics Discussed:
5. Roosevelt & Churchill afraid Stalin
would make Eastern Europe
communist after war; wanted Self
Determination (right to choose
democracy or communist) for
Eastern European Countries:
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Romania, & Bulgaria
Yalta Conference
6. Stalin agreed to self-determination if
could have part of Poland; Poland—should
have
free
elections
AGREEMENT AT YALTA
• DIVIDE GERMANY INTO FOUR (4)
ZONES TO BE OCCUPIED AFTER THE
WAR BY:
–BRITAIN
–FRANCE
–USA
–USSR
WHAT ELSE DID WE AGREE TO?
• ELECTIONS WILL BE HELD IN THE
COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE
• GOVERNMENT OF POLAND WILL BE
BOTH COMMUNIST & NONCOMMUNIST
• SET UP THE UNITED NATIONS!!!!!
• STALIN NEVER HELD FREE ELECTIONS IN POLAND
• FDR DIED ONLY TWO (2) MONTHS LATER
• TRUMAN (NEXT PRESIDENT) WOULD ATTEND THE
NEXT POST-WAR CONFERENCE
• HITLER DIES APRIL 30
• GERMANY SURRENDERS MAY 2, 1945
“The SOVIET UNION HAS BEOME A
DANGER TO THE FREE WORLD.”
Churchill wrote this to Roosevelt
after the Yalta Conference.
The leaders of the three countries
would meet one more time:
Potsdam
Potsdam
July 17, 1945
U.S., USSR, Britain
• First conference to include Truman
• Decided that Japan must surrender
unconditionally or risk total
destruction
– Truman alludes to the atomic bomb
• Established cooperative council to
administer Germany
• Promoted safe transfer and return
of war refugees
• Soviet declaration that there will
be no free elections
– The West considers this an act of
betrayal
– Beginning of the Cold War???
In July 1945, the
Truman learned the atomic
Big Three met at the
bomb was ready & issued the
Potsdam Conference to Potsdam Declaration to Japan:
discuss the end of WWII “surrender or face destruction”
When Japan refused to
surrender, Truman ordered
the bombing of Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945
After 3 days, Japan did
not surrender so a
2nd atomic bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki
After the second atomic
bomb, Emperor Hirohito
agreed to a surrender
World War II was over
NATO
April 4, 1949
12 Countries
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
– Considered the “Sword and Shield”
of the United Nations
– Intended as the military means by
which to safeguard freedom,
democracy, the rule of law, and
individual human rights--under the
control of the American military
• United pro-Western countries to
provide regional stability against
the spread of Communism
The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance
Warsaw Pact
May 12, 1955
8 communist nations
• Established as a
counterbalance for NATO
• Unified Eastern European
countries under Soviet
leadership
• Ensured integration of
military, economic, and
cultural policies
• Furthered the Communist
ideals
Potsdam Conference
Please go to my website and open the Potsdam reading…
Take critical reading notes.
SUGGESTION: READ FIRST! Then go to the
questions & back to the reading if needed…
Use the template to answer the remaining
questions
Potsdam Conference