Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Improvisational theatre wikipedia , lookup
Development of musical theatre wikipedia , lookup
Theatre of the Absurd wikipedia , lookup
Augsburger Puppenkiste wikipedia , lookup
Medieval theatre wikipedia , lookup
History of theatre wikipedia , lookup
Theatre of the Oppressed wikipedia , lookup
Theatre of France wikipedia , lookup
European encounters in the history of theatre in Finland Mikko-Olavi Seppälä 16 Nov 2012 Finnish Theatre and Drama Periphery • In Finland theatrical performances took seldom place, but still as a phenomenon • 1500s court theatre (Turku) • 1600s humanistic school theatre (Turku) • 1700s noble-class amateur theatre A Brief theatre history of Finland • 1760s to 1800s: Swedish touring theatre • 1810s to 1860s: Swedish and German touring theatre, amateurs also in Finnish and in Russian • 1870s to 1890s: Swedish, Finnish and Russian theatre of Helsinki • 1900s to 1960s: the network of local theatre institutions • 1970s to 2010s: variety of the theatre field Swenska Comoedien The swedish theatre in Stockholm was forced to stop its activity in the capital city and started to tour the countryside, also Finland (part of Sweden) Split in two groups lead by Petter Stenborg and Peter Lindahl, whose son-in-law C. G. Seuerling took over the enterprise Carl Gottfried Seuerling (1727–95) German-born Swedish actor and theatre manager Toured Sweden nearly 40 years, created theatre culture Connections to new German drama Widow Margaretha Seuerling managed the theatre and moved to Finland in 1809 The touring theatre continued its activity in Finland till 1850s Carl Gustaf Bonuvier • Swedish-born Finnish theatre manager • Led the old Seuerling theatre group and took the new name Finska Theatern (The Finnish Theatre, 1813-27) • New German romantic melodrama, Kotzebue & Iffland • Built a theatre house in Turku in 1817 • First Finnish-born actress Maria Silfvan Johann Arnold Schultz • Livland-born German actor and theatre manager • moved to Finland (Wiborg) and lead a German touring theatre in 1824-36 • Actors from the Baltic provinces • German repertoire: Schiller, Kotzebue, music plays by Weber and Meyerbeer) Carl Wilhelm Westerlund • Swedish-born actor and theatre manager, led the old Bonuvier theatre in 1830–41 • Wife Finnish-born actress Maria Westerlund (Silfvan) • Toured Finland with many-sided repertoire • The company continued until 1854 Enlightenment and theatre • G. E. Lessing 1760s: national theatre, dramaturg • Friedrich Schiller 1780s: theatre as national educational institution • Jules Michelet and Richard Wagner 1840s: folk theatre creates a nation • 1800s: censorship, court theatre monopoly Theatre effects its audience • Dangerous entertainment • Towards an enlightening theatre • Information, teaching, preaching through theatre • Dramaturgs, critics and theatre boards between the audience and the theatrical performance 1840s rupture • Bourgeois publicity: newspapers, theatres, private societies, literature, reviews • Idea of a national theatre • Amateur theatre ”epidemy” • Steam boat traffic brought foreign theatres from Stockholm, St Petersburg, Tallinn Helsinki theatre house in 1830s The Idea of a National Theatre • Zachris Topelius • 1840s & 1850s Fredrik Cygnaeus 1850s & 1860s Zacharias Topelius (1818–98) • Theatre critic and playwright in 1842–60 • Idea of a Finnish theatre • Wrote in Swedish • Romantic history plays and fairies • Later professor of history Fredrik Cygnaeus (1807–81) • Initiative-maker of a Finnish national theatre • Promoted Finnish topics (Kalevala) and Finnish language • Professor of aesthetics, teacher to Bergbom and Kivi National theatres • Theatre produces a nation: normative language, common history, mythology, moral; sense of a community • Nationalism in two languages & theatres • Nya Teatern / Svenska Teatern (Swedish theatre, 1860/1866) • Suomalainen Teatteri (Finnish theatre, 1872) J. J. Wecksell (1838–1907) • Poet and playwright: Daniel Hjort (1862) • Wrote in Swedish Aleksis Kivi (1834–72) • • • • Poet, novelist and playwright Wrote in Finnish Kullervo (1859/1865) Nummisuutarit (The Heath cobblers, 1864) • Seitsemän veljestä (the novel Seven brothers, 1870) Fritiof ja Charlotta Raa • Swedish-born actors in Helsinki in 1860s-1870s • Interpreted the Finnish national drama and became national idols August Westermark • Helsingin Nya Teaternin näyttelijä • Johti 1870–72 kiertueteatteria ”Unga Finska Teatern”, jonka näyttelijät olivat suomalaisia ja joka esiintyi ruotsiksi ja suomeksi • Suomea puhuvat näyttelijät kiinnitettiin 1872 Suomalaisen Teatterin ydinjoukoksi Suomalainen Teatteri / The Finnish Theatre 1872 Kaarlo Bergbom Ida Aalberg Kaarlo Bergbom (1843–1906) • The founder and manager of the Finnish theatre • Dramaturg of new Finnish plays • PhD on German drama • Directed history and realistic plays Ida Aalberg (1857–1915) • The star actress or national primadonna of the Finnish theatre from 1870s on • Launched an international career Adolf Lindfors (1857–1929) • The Molière (and Holberg) actor of Finland • Worked in Swedish and Finnish • Manager of the National theatre of Finland in 1907-14 Minna Canth (1844–1897) • Playwright, wrote in Finnish 1880–95 • Folkplay, Ibsen-like realism and psychological realism • • • • Työmiehen vaimo (1885) Kovan onnen lapsia (1888) Papin perhe (1891) Sylvi (1893), Anna Liisa (1895) 1870s to 1910s: Touring Theatre 1910s to 1940s: Local Theatres Bourgeois / Socialist Maria Jotuni • Miehen kylkiluu 1914 • Kultainen vasikka 1918 (The Golden Calf) • Tohvelisankarin rouva 1924 • Klaus, Louhikon herra 1940 • Huojuva talo (1964) Hella Wuolijoki • Talon lapset 1912/14 • Laki ja järjestys 1933 (Law and Order) • Niskavuoren naiset 1936 • Juurakon Hulda 1937 • Niskavuoren leipä 1939 • Niskavuoren Heta 1950 1940s to 1970s: Municipal City Theatres 1960s Playwrights: Paavo Haavikko, Eeva-Liisa Manner, Tove Jansson International Success 1960s & 1970s: Manager Vivica Bandler Director Ralf Långbacka Radical Theatre Generation 1960s• Director Kalle Holmberg Director Jouko Turkka 1980s to 2010s: Scattering & Integration • • • • Group Theatres became integrated Regional Theatre Law (1969/1982) Theatre Law (1993) Strong state and municipal subsidy, strong theatre institutions, versatility and regional activity protected • challenge: experimental theatre Finnish theatre now • Director Kristian Smeds • Writers: Sofi Oksanen, Laura Ruohonen, Juha Jokela, Mika Myllyaho etc. etc. Essay on theatre • Compare the theatre and drama in its historical context between Finland and your own home country • Readings: Wilmer & Koski: The Dynamic World of Finnish Theatre Wilmer (ed): Portraits of Courage Wilmer & Koski (eds): Humour and Humanity