Download The Digestive System Video Name: Date: The Digestive System 1) D

The Digestive System Video
Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ___________________________
The Digestive System
1)
Digestion begins in the ___________________________________.
2)
_____________________ are involved with MECHANICAL digestion. They help to _________________ the
food so it is small enough to swallow. Mechanical digestion takes place when foods are physically
___________________ ___________________.
3)
_______________________ enter the mouth from glands under the _______________________. Saliva
helps to ________________________ the food so it can slide along the digestive tube more easily and it
also begins chemical digestion by _________________________________
4)
It takes food approximately _______________ hours to makes its ___________ foot journey through the
digestive system?
5)
Muscle contractions called ___________________________________ keep the food moving through the
digestive tract called? These contractions are so ________________________ that we could even eat
standing on our ___________________.
6)
The food tube that brings food from the mouth to the stomach is called the _______________________
7)
Food enters into the stomach though a muscular ring known as the cardiac _______________________ .
8)
The stomach is a bag of _________________________ that ____________________, squashes and
________________________ the food.
9)
The hydrochloric acid in the stomach helps to _________________ _____________ the food?
10)
The stomach walls protect themselves from the acid with a coating of _____________________.
11)
If there is not enough mucus produced to completely coat the stomach lining then stomach
______________________ could form.
12)
Why do you think the stomach walls has all those lines (almost like an accordion)?
13)
Food usually sits in the stomach for ________ _______________before passing into the small intestine?
14)
The muscular ring that acts as a doorway to allow the broken down food to pass into the small intestine is
called the __________________________________ sphincter.
15)
The small intestine is about _____________ feet.
16)
The primary role of the small intestine is to ____________________ nutrients from the food into the blood
stream.
17)
The millions of microscopic projections that line the walls of the small intestines are called _____________.
18)
The villi in the small intestine helps to __________________ ____________________ ___________ to
make it easier to ___________________________ nutrients.
19)
First, the ___________________________________ pumps out a juice that _______________________
stomach acid.
20)
Bile from the _________________________ helps to break down the ___________________ in the food.
Bile is ____________________________ in colour.
21)
It takes about _________________ hours for the small intestine to _______________________ the
nutrients from the food.
22)
Another sphincter allows the mostly digested food to pass into the __________________ intestine.
23)
The slurry that passes from the small intestine into the large intestine is a mixture of ______________
_________________
& _______________
__________________.
24)
The main job of the large intestine is to remove ___________________________ from the waste.
25)
Good bacteria live in your large intestine. Their job is to produce enzymes that help to
__________________ __________________
26)
complex carbohydrates (like starches and fiber).
Finally, after about ________________ hours we pass the waste into the last part of the large intestine
known as the ________________________. This is a storage area where waste is held until a suitable time
to pass it out of the body.
27)
The waste passes out of the body through the ________________________, another sphincter.
Based on the information you learned in the video, label the following diagram of the digestive system:
Human Digestive System Study Notes
The human digestive system is a complex process that consists of breaking down large chunks of food into tiny particles small
enough to travel through the blood and into the cells of the body to be used as fuel. The breakdown of the nutrients needs
many chemicals (called enzymes) released from areas in the mouth, stomach, intestines, and liver. The major organs of the
digestion system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and liver.
Mouth
In the human body, the mouth (oral cavity) is a specialized organ where large chunks of food are crushed and ground into
smaller pieces of food. In the mouth, food is changed mechanically by biting and chewing. This is known as mechanical
digestion.
In the mouth, food is moistened by saliva, a liquid that helps to make the food into a slippery mush. Salivary glands release
saliva into the mouth. The saliva contains an enzyme called amylase. This is a special enzyme that starts to break starch into
smaller sugars.
During chewing, the tongue moves food around and helps to form it into a blob called a bolus. The bolus is pushed back into
the pharynx (throat) and is forced through the opening to the esophagus.
Esophagus
The esophagus is a thick-walled muscular tube located behind the windpipe that extends through the neck and chest to the
stomach. The bolus of food moves through the esophagus by peristalsis: a rhythmic series of muscular contractions that
pushes the bolus down the tube. Gravity helps move the food down, too.
Stomach
The esophagus joins the stomach at a point just below the chest. A valve-like ring of muscle called the cardiac
sphincter surrounds the opening to the stomach. The sphincter relaxes as the bolus passes through and then quickly closes.
The stomach is an expandable pouch located high in the abdominal (stomach) cavity. Layers of stomach muscle contract and
churn the bolus of food with gastric juices to form a soupy liquid called chyme.
The stomach stores food and prepares it for further digestion. Another enzyme, found here in the stomach, helps to digest
proteins. Hydrochloric acid helps to break down bonds in the food so that the enzymes can reach the foods inside the bolus. To
protect the stomach lining from the acid, mucus coats the stomach lining. If there is not enough mucus a stomach ulcer could
form.
Small intestine
The soupy mixture called chyme moves through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. An adult's small intestine is
about 23 feet long. The small intestine is divided into three sections: the duodenum; the jejunum; and the ileum. The inner
surface of the small intestine contains millions of finger-like projections called villi. Villi help to increase the surface area
making more space for nutrients to be absorbed into the blood. The blood then carries the nutrients to all the cells of the body
to be used as fuel and building blocks for new cells.
Most chemical digestion takes place in the duodenum. In this region, enzymes digest nutrients into simpler forms that can be
absorbed. Enzymes from the pancreas, a large organ lying near the stomach and the liver, a large organ sitting just below the
rib cage help with the chemical digestion. The Pancreas adds enzymes that neutralize the stomach acid and help to break down
proteins and carbohydrates. The liver creates bile, which is stored in the gall bladder, which helps to break down fats.
Substances that have not been digested or absorbed then pass through another sphincter into the large intestine.
Large intestine
The small intestine joins the large intestine in the lower right area of the abdomen. This is also where the appendix is located.
The large intestine is also known as the colon. It is about three foot in length. The colon's main job is to absorb water and to
store, process, and eliminate waste. The intestinal matter remaining after water has been removed is known as feces. Feces
consist of nondigested food (such as cellulose), billions of mostly harmless bacteria, and cells from the lining of the digestive
system. The feces are stored in the rectum and passed out through the anus to complete the digestion process.
Describe the functions of each part of the digestive system:
Function
1
The mouth
2
The esophagus
3
The stomach
4
The small intestine
5
The large intestine
6
The rectum
7
The anus
What are enzymes?
What type of nutrient begins its digestion in the mouth (carbohydrates, fats or proteins)?
What type of nutrient begins its digestion in the stomach (carbohydrates, fats or proteins)?
Where are fats digested?