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Baltic Sea Region Defence Environmental Co-operation (BALTDEC) 2003-10-10 Riga Initiative INVENTORY B (Corresponding to Informal Secretariat – Organisation and Work Plan 2002-2003 action 3.4 b) DEFENCE ENVIRONMENTAL MULTILATERAL COOPERATION IN NON BALTIC SEA REGION The purpose of this inventory is to clarify already existing co-operation and to examine ways of BALTDEC co-operation with and take advantage of already existing structures. The purpose is also to ensure there is no duplication of work Based on such an inventory, IS shall consider in what way BALTDEC could or should cooperate with these bodies. Could or should BALTDEC be (more or less) integrated into one already existing co-operation body? What solution would be most beneficial for the BALTDEC purposes as stated in the Strategy? 1. NATO CCMS The Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) was established in 1969 The aim: -to attack practical problems already under study at the national level and, by combining the expertise and technology available in member countries, arrive fairly rapidly at valid conclusions and to make recommendations for actions to benefit all. Involved countries: NATO countries: Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. EAPC countries: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Areas of co-operation: Pollution control Environmental education and training Health and technological risks Quality of life and planning Since the start of CCMS activities more than 50 pilot studies have been completed; at present there are 18 projects underway. One of the most important advantages of CCMS is the fact that it is a unique forum for discussion of environmental problems relating to military activities. Basic documents: Reports on the progress of studies are submitted to the Committee by pilot countries at regular intervals. On completion of a study (which normally takes three to four years) a summary report is submitted to the Committee members and then forwarded to the North Atlantic Council. A technical report is usually also published by the pilot group and made available on a worldwide basis to anyone expressing interest. The list of publications available can be obtained from CCMS Secretariat. More information: http://www.nato.int/ccms/ 2. UNEP The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was established in 1972. The aim: To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of the future generations. Involved countries: Antigua and Barbuda ** , Argentina **, Bahamas * , Belgium **, Benin *, Brazil *, Burkina Faso *, Canada **, Chad **, China **, Colombia *, Congo **, Cuba **, Czech Republic **, Denmark *, Egypt *, Equatorial Guinea *, France **, Gambia *, Germany **, Greece **, India *, Indonesia **, Iran (Islamic Republic of) *, Italy *, Japan **, Kenya **, Libya *, Marshall Islands *, Mexico *, Myanmar **, Namibia **, Netherlands *, New Zealand *, Nicaragua **, Nigeria **, Pakistan *, Poland *, Republic of Korea **, Republic of Moldova *, Romania **, Russian Federation **, Samoa *, Saudi Arabia *, Senegal *, Slovakia *, Sudan **, Suriname *, Switzerland **, Syrian Arab Republic **, Thailand *, Turkey *, Uganda *, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland *, United States of America **, Uruguay **, Zambia **, Zimbabwe ** * Members whose terms expire on 3l December 2003. ** Members whose terms expire on 3l December 2005. Areas of co-operation: activities cover a wide range of issues, from atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, the promotion of environmental science and information, to an early warning and emergency response capacity to deal with environmental disasters and emergencies. UNEP’s present priorities include: Environmental information, assessment and research, including environmental emergency response capacity and strengthening of early warning and assessment functions, Enhanced coordination of environmental conventions and development and development of policy instruments; Fresh water Technology transfer and industry Support to Africa UNEP at some occasions arrange or co-sponsor defence environmental activities. One example is the Sweden hosted Meeting on Military Activities and the Environment 27-30 June 1995 in Linköping, Sweden. Basic documents: UNEP Annual Reports More information: http://www.unep.org 3. EU The European Union was set up after the 2nd World War. The process of European integration was launched in 1950 when France proposed to create “the first concrete foundation of a European federation”. Six countries joined from the very beginning. Today, after four waves of accessions the EU has 15 Member States and is preparing for the accession of 13 eastern and southern European countries. The aim: The European Union is based on the rule of law and democracy. It is neither a new State replacing existing ones nor is it comparable to other international organisations. Its Member States delegate sovereignty to common institutions representing the interests of the Union as a whole on questions of joint interest. All decisions and procedures are derived from the basic treaties ratified by the Member States. The principal objectives of the EU are Establish European citizenship Ensure freedom, security and justice Promote economic and social progress Assert Europe’s role in the world The EU is run by five institutions; European Parliament Council of the Union European Commission Court of Justice Court of Auditors Involved countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Areas of co-operation regarding military issues: (1) EU has decided to establish a military crises management capability. However, this does not include defence environmental issues. (2) In June 2001, the EU Member States’ Ministries of Defence established an informal expertlevel forum for co-operation between the Ministries of Defence on environmental and sustainable development issues with specific military relevance. This network assembles twice a year, preferably under the Chairmanship of the Ministry of Defence in the Member State holding the EU Presidency. At its meeting in April 2003, the network agreed upon a Framework (Terms of Reference) for its work and to name itself DEFNET (European Union Member States’ Ministries of Defence Environmental Network). Basic documents: The EU is based on four founding treaties. Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (signed 1951) Treaty establishing the European Economic Community Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (signed 1957) Treaty on European Union (signed 1992) Additional treaties are for example Treaty of Amsterdam (signed 1997) Treaty of Nice (signed 2001) More information:http://europa.eu.int 4. OSCE The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the largest regional security organisation in the world with 55 participating states from Europe, Central Asia and North America. Aim: The aim of OSCE is to be active in early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation Involved countries: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgum, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monako, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Slovac Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation (MPCs): Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia. Areas of co-operation: The OSCE approach to security is comprehensive in dealing with a wide range of security-related issues including: Arms control Preventive diplomacy Confidence- and security-building measures Human rights Democratisation Election monitoring Economic security Environmental security All OSCE participating States have equal status, and decisions are based on consensus. The OSCE headquarters are located in Vienna, Austria. Basic documents: Journals and Decisions issued by the Permanent Council and the Forum for Security Co-operation are posted under their respective heading on weekly basis. OSCE Handbook OSCE Annual Reports starting from 1993 More information: http://www.osce.org