Download World War I (1914-1918)

DO NOW 3/7/17
Write the question:
In 1917 Russia pulled out of
WWI. What event(s) caused
Russia to take this action?
a) Heavy defeats by
the Allies
b) A civil war with in
Russia
c) Defeat of Russia by
the Germans
d) A declaration of
peace by Czar
Nicholas II
Take out your homework
from last night. Also, turn in
the MAIN causes of WWI
worksheet if you had to
finish it for homework.
World War I (1914-1918)
“Modern Weapons of War”
List on Page 259
World War I (1914-1918)
1. Airplanes
World War I
(1914-1918)
2. Submarines
World War I
(1914-1918)
3. Machine Guns
World War I
(1914-1918)
4. Long
Range
Artillery
World War I
(1914-1918)
5. Poison Gas
6. Gas Masks
World War I (1914-1918)
7. Tanks
World War I
(1914-1918)
8. Flamethrowers
World War I (1914-1918) - Homework Review
CFU
(1) What were the underlying causes of WWI?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism,
Balkan Crisis and Arms Race
(2) What was the “spark”, or immediate cause,
that ignited the war?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of AustriaHungary) was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist
(3) How did the Industrial Revolution contribute
to the high death toll in the war?
Factories churned out guns, shells, and bombs faster than ever.
New mass-produced weapons increased destruction.
World War I
(1914-1918)
7-5.1 Notes
The “M.A.I.N.”
Causes
of WWI
Militarism
 Militarism:
fascination with
military power and the glory
of war
Led to Arms Race
 When a nation built up its
military, its enemies saw it as
a move toward war

• Ex. Germany built up its navy to
compete with Great Britain’s navy,
causing tension between the two
countries
Alliances

Alliances: agreements between
countries to help each other during
wartime


Alliances pulled many countries into the war
WWI alliances:
Alliances (continued)
(The Allies)
Great Britain
France
Russia (until 1917)
Italy (after 1915)
The United States
(after 1917)
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
The Ottoman Empire
Imperialism
 Imperialism:
building empires by
expanding territory and gaining
colonies

Competition for colonies led to
intense rivalries among the
European powers
• Ex. Germany and Italy wanted to
create empires that would compete
with those of Great Britain and France
Nationalism

Nationalism: strong feelings of pride and unity among a
particular group of people



Worsened rivalries between European powers
Led nations to seek to create empires or break away from them
Led to ethnic and ideological differences between nations
• Trouble in the Balkans (multi-ethnic region of Southeastern
Europe)




Serbia wanted to take control of Bosnia
Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of AustriaHungary) was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Timeline of WWI
Learning Objectives and EQs
 LOs


Understand the cause(s) the led to Russia
withdrawing from WWI
Explain how the United States became
involved in WWI
 EQs


What was the Russian Revolution?
How did German actions push the US into
World War I?
 1914








Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to
the throne of Austria-Hungary) is
assassinated by a Serbian terrorist
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia prepares to help Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia
France declares war on Germany
Germany invades Belgium and France
Great Britain declares war on Germany
America declares neutrality
 1915
- 1916
Italy joins Allies
 Central Powers win many battles

 1917
Russian Revolution
 Russia withdraws from the war
 The United States enters the war,
turning the tide for the Allies

The Russian Revolution (1917)

Before the Revolution:



Most Russians were poor and many were
starving
Russia was exhausted by WWI
The Revolution:

Czar Nicholas II (the last emperor of
Russia) was forced by the Russian people
to give up his throne
• He wanted to keep fighting in WWI
• He ignored the peasants and city workers

Civil War
• The Bolsheviks (Communists), led by
Vladimir Lenin, defeated their enemies
and took control of Russia


Russia withdrew from WWI
Russia was transformed into a communist
nation and was renamed the Soviet Union
(a.k.a. the U.S.S.R.)
 1918
Woodrow Wilson (President of the
United States) delivers “14-Points”
speech
 Germany agrees to stop fighting
 WWI ends

 1919

The Treaty of Versailles is written
The United States and WWI

At the beginning of the war:


America declared neutrality (didn’t take sides)
Reasons for U.S. entry into the war:

Economic relationships with the Allies
• The U.S. had been selling many products and
loaning a lot of money to the Allies and (privately)
wanted them to win the war

Unrestricted submarine warfare
• To prevent supplies from getting to the Allies,
German U-boats sunk boats without warning


Sinking of the Lusitania – 128 Americans killed!
The Zimmermann Telegram
• A note from the German government asking Mexico
to attack the U.S. was intercepted and published in
newspapers

Effects of U.S. entry into WWI:

Arrival of fresh US troops helped the Allies win war
The Outcome
Of WWI
The Allies Win!

In 1918, Germany accepted an
armistice (an agreement to end
the fighting) and the war was over
 Paris Peace Talks

The “Big Four” met to discuss peace
terms
• Great Britain – wanted to protect colonies,
harsh punishment for Germany
• France – wanted to protect colonies, harsh
punishment for Germany
• Italy – wanted colonies
• The United States – wanted fair
treatment of Germany, self determination
in colonized lands, League of Nations

Produced Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the treaty:






Germany lost territory and colonies
The German military was weakened
Germany had to accept blame for the war
Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations
The League of Nations was created
Reasons for failure of the treaty:


The U.S. never approved it
Germans were very angry and bitter
• Particularly over “war guilt” clause


Italy felt betrayed and cheated
European colonies were not given independence
Creation of The League of Nations


The League of Nations: an international organization
created after WWI to settle arguments between countries
and prevent wars
Reasons for failure:





The U.S. never joined
Every nation had to agree on every issue
Couldn’t raise money
Couldn’t raise an army to enforce rules
Didn’t prevent several wars/events that led to WWII
The Effects
Of WWI
The Mechanization of War

Mechanization: having things done by machinery



Machines in factories mass-produced guns, shells,
and bombs very quickly
Machine guns changed the way wars were fought
Trench warfare: soldiers fought from ditches


Many people were killed
Very little land was gained
 New
Weapons:
machine guns
submarines
flame-throwers
 Human

poison gas
artillery guns
airplanes
tanks
costs
30 million soldiers and civilians were killed or
injured
• Nearly 13 million of these were civilian casualties!
A Changed World
 World


Many nations’ economies were devastated by
WWI
The U.S. economy grew very quickly
 Many


economies
people were forced to move
Some were refugees who fled from war-torn
areas
Some were deported as conditions of peace
treaties
Europe Before WWI
 Borders
After WWI
changed and new countries were
created



Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
were broken up into smaller nations
German and Russian empires lost land
Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia were created
in Eastern Europe
The End
 Special
 Ben
thanks to Google Images
Bindewald
HOMEWORK
(1) Terms to Know page 181
(2) What Did You Learn? Page 189
Questions 1, 2, and 3