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Name_______________________________________________
Day/Block___________
Anticipating
Fascism
Nazism
Neutral
Neutrality Acts
Nationalism
Unit 4 Day 2 “US stays neutral?”
Simmons/Harter
Totalitarian
Appeasement
Opposition
Mediate
To resist or go against. Can be expressed in action or argument.
1)
Trying to pacify an aggressor in order to keep peace.
2)
What a person expects or predicts will happen.
3)
4)
Laws passed by the United States Congress (1935-1937) to ban the sale of
arms or loans to nations at war.
To resolve or settle differences by working with all the conflicting parties.
5)
The belief in your nation, believing your nation is superior over others.
6)
Not helping or supporting either side of a conflict.
7)
8)
9)
Political System based on a strong centralized government and extreme
nationalism headed by a dictator. Ex Nazis
Government that has complete control over its citizens and puts down all
opposition.
Fascist political philosophy of Germany under Nazi dictator Hitler.
10)
Learning Target: I can explain my viewpoint regarding United States neutrality prior to
December 7, 1941 by annotating a reading and completing a Regents Check Point.
Focus Question: “Did the United States maintain a policy of neutrality prior to December 7th 1941?”
In the 1930’s most Americans wanted the United States to stay
out of foreign conflicts. Americans believed the focus should be kept on
fixing the horrible effects of the Great Depression. Many Americans
believed the conflicts were overseas and not the problem of the United
States. When the news of conflict in Europe and Asia reached the United
States, people protested and held anti-war rallies. They demanded the
United States remain isolated and neutral about the conflicts over seas.
From 1935- 1939 the United States Congress passed a series of laws known as The Neutrality Acts.
These laws banned the sale of arms or loans to nations that were at war. These laws tried to ensure that the
US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promised the
nation his utmost effort to keep the country neutral. He addressed the nation by radio in a series of fireside
chats from the White House in Washington, Sept. 3, 1939 pledging to stay “officially” out of the conflict in
Europe and China. Some critics of Roosevelt said he found loop holes to help other countries. For example, in
1937 he stated that Japan did not officially declare war on China. Therefore, FDR sent military aid to help assist
China. He stated he was “quarantining (confining) the aggressors” but many disagreed with Roosevelt and had
worried this would lead to the United States involvement in the conflict.
Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1937 which included a concession to Roosevelt known as the
“cash-and-carry” clause. There was a provision in the act that said the goods had to be transported, or
“carried,” on NON-American ships. Another provision required that the fighting powers had to pay for the
goods with cash. The United States wanted nations to pay with cash because many World War I loans
remained unpaid.
The United States watched the war in Europe with growing
concern. While vowing to remain neutral, Roosevelt took steps to
prepare for war. In 1938, at his request, Congress voted to strengthen
the U.S. Navy. Congress passed the 1939 Neutrality Act that now allowed
the United States to sell weapons to other countries only with cash. In
1940 President Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act,
the first peacetime draft in United States history. The law applied to
American men between the ages of 21-35. Roosevelt broke tradition and
ran for a third term for presidency. During his campaign he stated “Your
boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars,” and easily won a
third term.
After the election of 1940, Roosevelt began supporting the Allies
openly. In 1941, Congress approved the Lend Lease Act which allowed
the United States to sell, lend, or lease arms or war supplies to any
nation considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” Britain,
which was running out of cash, was the first to use the lend-lease program. In mid-1941, American ships began
to escort convoys of British merchant ships. After the Germans had fired on American destroyers, Roosevelt
issued a “shoot-on-sight” order. This order was sent to American naval vessels that found German and Italian
ships in certain areas.
In 1940, Japan was planning on taking over Pacific Islands in order to gain much needed rubber and oil
that included the American territory of the Philippines. The United States responded to Japan’s aggression in
the Pacific by applying economic pressure on them. Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets that were in American
banks, preventing the Japanese from obtaining funds they had in the United States. He also stopped the sale
of oil, gasoline, and other natural resources that Japan lacked. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the
Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours
of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships had either been sunk or damaged, and more
than 188 U.S. aircraft had been destroyed. The attack at Pearl Harbor outraged Americans. The U.S.
abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day, officially brought the United
States into World War II. On December 8th, 1941, Roosevelt’s War Declaration Speech to Congress referred to
the attack on Pearl Harbor as "a date which will live in infamy." In 1942, FDR enacted Executive Order 9066
which relocated Japanese Americans into Internment Camps on the west coast.
Questions:
1) Why were many Americans opposed to getting involved in the conflicts in Europe or Asia?
2) What are the Neutrality Acts? How closely did Roosevelt follow them?
3) What are the two provisions of the cash and carry policy?
4) How did the Lend Lease Act allow the United States to get more involved in the growing conflict?
5) Why was Japan aggressive towards the United States?
6) Written Response (5 sentence minimum)
“Did the United States maintain a policy of neutrality prior to December 7 th 1941?”
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Regents Check Point:
1. One of the major causes of the stock market crash of 1929
was
(1) excessive buying of stocks on margin
(2) overconsumption of goods and services
(3) failure of international banking systems
(4) low prices of stocks and bonds
2. Which action did President Franklin D. Roosevelt
take that helped organized labor gain strength
during the New Deal?
(1) requiring the American Federation of Labor to
admit skilled workers
(2) allowing women to work in government agencies
(3) signing the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner
Act)
(4) selecting John L. Lewis as his Secretary of Labor
3. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the
Works Progress Administration (WPA) were both
New Deal programs developed to address the
problem of
(1) excessive stock market speculation
(2) high unemployment
(3) increased use of credit
(4) limited income of senior citizens
4. A major reason that President Franklin D.
Roosevelt proposed adding Justices to the Supreme
Court in 1937 was to
(1) make the Court processes more democratic
(2) end corruption and favoritism in handling cases
(3) influence Court decisions related to New Deal
programs
(4) ensure the appointment of members of minority
groups
5. Which series of events leading to World War II is
in the correct chronological order?
(1) Neutrality Acts → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor →
Lend-Lease Act → United States declaration of war on
Japan
(2) Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts → United States
declaration of war on Japan → Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor
(3) United States declaration of war on Japan → Japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor → Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality
Acts
(4) Neutrality Acts → Lend-Lease Act → Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor → United States declaration of war on Japan
6. The policy of Cash and Carry, the Destroyers for Naval
Bases Deal, and the Lend-Lease Act were all designed to
(1) contribute to the success of the Axis powers
(2) relieve unemployment caused by the Great
Depression
(3) guarantee a third term to President Franklin D.
Roosevelt
(4) aid the Allies without involving the United States in
war
7. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 were enacted
by Congress to
(1) help the United States recover from the Great
Depression
(2) stop Nazi Germany from conquering Europe
(3) aid the Americans who fought in the Spanish Civil
War
(4) prevent the United States from being drawn into
another world war
8. The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 significantly changed
United States policy toward nations involved in
World War II because it
(1) supplied war materials to Allied nations without a
declaration of war
(2) imposed a trade boycott on Germany and Japan
(3) authorized the seizure of British assets in the United States
(4) approved the appeasement policies of the French and
British governments
9. Which trend in United States foreign policy is shown by the
passage of the Neutrality Act of 1939, the destroyers for bases
deal of 1940, and the Lend-Lease Act of 1941?
(1) withdrawal from overseas colonies
(2) expansion of trade with the Axis powers
(3) increase in support for the Allied powers
(4) reduction in war preparedness
10. “Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in
infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and
deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of
Japan. . . .”
—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Address to Congress,
December 8, 1941
In this statement, President Roosevelt was addressing
Congress about the
(1) sinking of merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean
(2) D-Day invasion of France
(3) bombing of Pearl Harbor
(4) air raids on the Panama Canal