Download Slide 1 - ccmaize

讲座提纲
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
什么是分子育种
历史回顾
全基因组策略
基因型鉴定
表现型鉴定
环境型鉴定 (etyping)
标记-性状关联分析
标记辅助选择
决策支撑系统
展望
Future Prospects
Large-scale resequencing (whole genome and
target regions)
Stage one: 100 core maize lines (2010)
… …
Stage N: all maize lines (201X)
Multi-location precision phenotyping and etyping
Whole genome association studies (GWAS) for
gene and allele discovery and functional analysis
Genomewide selection for complex and multiple
traits
Whole Genome Strategies for a New Breeding Target
Increased Food and Ecosystem Security via
Perennial Grains
J. D. Glover, J. P. Reganold, L. W. Bell, J. Borevitz, E. C. Brummer, E. S.
Buckler, C. M. Cox, T. S. Cox, T. E. Crews, S. W. Culman, L. R. DeHaan,
D. Eriksson, B. S. Gill, J. Holland, F. Hu, B. S. Hulke, A. M. H. Ibrahim, W.
Jackson, S. S. Jones, S. C. Murray, A. H. Paterson, E. Ploschuk, E. J.
Sacks, S. Snapp, D. Tao, D. L. Van Tassel, L. J. Wade, D. L. Wyse, Y. Xu
Perennial grains hold promise, especially for marginal
landscapes or with limited resources where annual
versions struggle.
SCIENCE (2010) 328: 1368-1369
Ecosystem functions of annual and perennial crops
Why Is It Possible Now
Large-size populations
High density molecular markers
Break the tight linkage between perenniality and wild traits
Bring complex traits together more efficiently than ever
Rice as an example for grains
Dr. Fengyi Hu at Yunnan AAS, China
Maize as an example for forages
Prof. Tingzhao Rong and his group at SCAU, China
Bottlenecks in Marker-Assisted Molecular Breeding
 Need of integrated plant breeding platforms
 Establishment of molecular breeding networks
 Improved precision phenotyping and etyping
systems
 Effective and efficient information management
and analysis
 Complexity of crops with polyploidy chromosomes
and high genetic diversity
育种的集成化、规模化、 程序化
National Molecular Breeding Network
Why
 Large-scale and pipeline based breeding calls for
integrated breeding platform
 Genotyping platform available allows to establish a
common platform for all crops
 It is not possible to establish independent molecular
breeding platforms by individual small companies and
institutions
 Sharing platforms can perform more efficiently and
effectively
National Molecular Breeding Network
How
National Genotyping Service Centers (Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou)
Phenotyping Standardization and Demonstration
Centers (cereals, vegetables, fruits)
Etyping Standardization and Demonstration Centers
(cereals, vegetables, fruits)
Information Management Centers (Beijing, Shanghai,
Guangzhou)
A Breeding Team for Modern Plant Breeding
Line
breeder 1
Line
breeder 2
Line
breeder 3
MB
scientist
Application
team 1
Application
team 2
Application
team 3
Molecular breeding scientists support the adoption and use of new tools
4-D Profile of Plant Breeding
Point
Line
Space
Plane
Time
E
P
Genotype
E
E
P
P
E
P
Single
phenotype
Multiple
phenotype
Multi-phenotype
assisted by
genotype
Multi-phenotype
across environments
assisted by genotype
Revised from Xu et al. 2012 Mol Breed 29:833–854
Multi-phenotype
across environments
and time series
assisted by
genotype
The Future of Plant Breeding
Challenges + Opportunities
 Reduced cost while increasing the scale and efficiency
 High throughput genotyping, phenotyping and etyping
platforms
 Effective information management and data analysis
 Powerful decision support tools
Marker-assisted breeding as a routine practice in many
breeding programs
Whole Genome Strategies: Product
Specific Phenotypes
and Products
Maize Molecular Breeding Laboratory
CIMMYT-CAAS Joint International Research Center
for Applied Genomics and Molecular Breeding
http://www.ccmaize.org
[email protected]
作物分子育种理论与应用
思 考 题
1. 规模化分子育种一般需要哪些支撑平台？
每个平台的基本要素是什么？
2. 简要描述性状-标记关联分析的基本思路
3. 简述分子标记辅助选择育种的基本方法及其应用