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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
1) Which of the following organs is not a part of the urinary system?
A. kidney
B ureter
C. vagina
D. urethra
E. bladder
2) Which of the following organs is involved in filtering blood and reabsorbing nutrients
from the filtrate?
A. kidney
B ureter
C. vagina
D. urethra
E. bladder
3) ___ is not a function of the kidneys.
A. Clearing nitrogenous wastes from the blood
B. Producing hormones
C. Removing CO2
D. Maintaining acid/base balance
4) Which of the following hormones is not produced by the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. calcitrol
5) The functional units of the kidneys are ___.
A. nephrons
B. proximal tubules
D. collecting ducts E. loop of Henle
C. distal tubules
6) Which is connected to many nephrons but not considered a component of any
individual nephron.
A. afferent arterioles
B. proximal tubules
C. collecting ducts
7) Which portion of the tubular system reabsorbs the majority of nutrients in tubular
fluid?
A. proximal tubule B. loop of Henle (nephron loop)
C. distal tubule
8) Which portion of the tubular system plays the most important role in generating the
extracellular osmotic gradient in renal medulla?
A. proximal tubule B. loop of Henle (nephron loop)
C. distal tubule
9) Which cannot normally pass through glomerular filtration membranes?
A. NaCl
B. most plasma proteins
C. urea
D. glucose
10) Which of the following is the correct route of blood flow in the kidneys?
A. renal artery  …  afferent arteriole  glomerulus  efferent arteriole 
peritubular capillary  … renal vein
B. renal artery  …  efferent arteriole  glomerulus  afferent arteriole 
peritubular capillary  … renal vein
C. renal artery  …  glomerulus  afferent arteriole  efferent arteriole 
peritubular capillary  … renal vein
D. renal artery  …  afferent arteriole  peritubular capillary  glomerulus 
efferent arteriole  … renal vein
11) An increased glomerular blood pressure will cause ___.
A. an increase in glomerular filtration rate B. a decrease in glomerular filtration rate
C. no change in glomerular filtration rate
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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
12) Glomerular filtration rate is normally ___ .
A. maintained constant
B. highly variable
13) Glomerular filtration rate refers to _____.
A. the blood flow into the two kidneys per minute
B. the amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys combined
C. the amount of filtrate formed per minute by a single kidney
14) Which contains more nutrients?
A. glomerular filtrate
B. tubular fluid
C. urine
15) How much of the glomerular filtrate is usually reabsorbed?
A. 50%
B. 66%
C. 99%
16) Renal autoregulation aims to ____.
A. stabilize glomerular filtration rate
B. control reabsorption of filtrate by proximal tubules
C. control reabsorption of filtrate by distal tubules
D. control reabsorption of filtrate by collecting ducts
17) Which is not one of the mechanisms of renal autoregulation?
A. myogenic response
B. baroreceptor-mediated reflex
C. tubuloglomerular feedback
18) Reabsorption of which nutrient in the tubular fluid depends on the reabsorption of
sodium?
A. glucose
B. amino acids
C. ClD. all of A, B, and C
19) Solvent drag as a tubular reabsorption mechanism is driven by ___ concentration
gradient between the tubular fluid and the blood in peritubular capillaries.
A. glucose
B. protein
C. sodium
20)
What percent of nutrients in the filtrate is normally reabsorbed by the proximal
convoluted tubules?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 85%
E 99%.
21) The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of all of the following except ___.
A. loop of Henle.
B. juxtaglomerular cells
C. macula densa.
D. mesangial cell
22) Nutrients in the filtrate are reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules through
____.
A. transcellular route only B paracellular route only C. both of the above
D. neither of the above
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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
23) Is there a limit in the amount of nutrients that renal tubules can reabsorb?
A. No
B. Yes
24) One purpose of tubular secretion is to excrete___.
A. excess water
B. excess H+
C. hormones
25) Sodium pumps (Na+-K+ ATPase) actively transport Na+ from ____.
A. intracellular space to extracellular space
B. extracellular space to intracellular space
26) Electrostatic attraction is a mechanism primarily for the reabsorption of _____ in
proximal convoluted tubules.
A. glucose. B. the negative ions such as chloride C. amino acids
D. proteins
27) The unique property of the distal convoluted tubule is that ____.
A. it reabsorbs two thirds of the filtrate
B. it is the target of aldosterone and ANF
C. it helps establish a high extracellular osmotic concentration in renal medulla
D. it concentrates urine by reabsorbing water
28) Aldosterone has the effect of ____
A. increasing reabsorption of sodium only B. increasing secretion of potassium only
C. both of the above
D. neither of the above
29) The unique property of the collecting duct is that ____.
A. it reabsorbs two thirds of the filtrate
B. it is the target of aldosterone and ANF
C. it helps establish a high extracellular osmotic concentration in medulla
D. it concentrates urine by reabsorbing water
30) Permeablility of collecting duct to water is higher in the ____ of ADH.
A. presence B. absence
31) Reabsorption of water in collecting duct is driven by ____.
A. a high osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid in the medulla
B. a high hydrostatic pressure of extracellular fluid in the medulla
C. a high osmotic pressure of tubular fluid in the collecting duct
D. a low osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid in the medulla
32) Which is high in normal urine?
A. nitrogenous wastes
B. glucose
C. proteins
33) Oliguria refers to a urine volume ____.
A. higher than 2 liter/day
B. 1-2 liter/day
C. less than 400ml/day
34) Diabetes mellitus can be caused by ____.
A. deficiency of insulin only
B. deficiency of insulin receptors only
C. either deficiency of insulin or insulin receptors
D. none of the above
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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
35) Patients of diabetes mellitus excrete abnormally high volume of urine because ____.
A. the glomerular filtration rate is higher than normal
B. the presence of glucose in tubular fluid increases the osmotic pressure of the tubular
fluid and hinders the reabsorption of water
C. insufficient amount of ADH is present
D. water permeability of the collecting duct is increased
36) Which diabetes is caused by insufficient ADH?
A. diabetes insipidus
B. diabetes mellitus
37) Some diuretics increase urine volume by ____.
A. decreasing glomerular filtration B. inhibiting sodium reabsorption
C. decreasing osmotic pressure of tubular fluid
38) Does the longer urethra in male have any advantage over female?
A. Yes
B. No
39) Many old male has difficulty in voiding urine because of ___.
A. urinary bladder failure
B. prostate enlargement
C. renal failure
40) Which of the muscles is under voluntary control in adults?
A. internal urethral sphincter
B. external urethral sphincter
C. both of the above
D. neither of the above
41) Voiding urine is voluntarily controlled by ___.
A. the urinary bladder
B. the spinal cord
C. the pons
42) Which of the following is the most abundant component of human body in terms of
weight?
A. protein
B. lipid C. carbohydrate D. water
E. electrolytes
43) Which of the following compartments contains more water?
A. intracellular fluid B. tissue fluid
C. blood
44) Water movement between tissue fluid and intracellular fluid is determined mainly by
____.
A. osmotic pressure contributed by electrolytes in tissue fluid and intracellular fluid
B. hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid and intracellular fluid
C. osmotic pressure contributed by proteins in tissue fluid and intracellular fluid
45) Water movement between the blood and tissue fluid is affected by ____.
A. capillary blood pressure
B. plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C. interstitium hydrostatic pressure D. interstitium colloid osmotic pressure
E. all of the above
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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
46) Water is gained normally only from drink.
A. True
B. False
47) Which of the following water loss is voluntarily regulated?
A. cutaneous evaporation
B. respiration
C. urine
48) Thirst is induced when ___.
A. blood volume increases
D. feces
B. plasma osmolarity increases
49) Which hormone increases water loss?
A. ADH
B. atrial natriuretic factor
50) Sodium concentration is ___ in extracellular fluid ___ in intracellular space.
A. higher/than
B. lower/than
C. the same/as
51) Aldosterone ___ plasma sodium and ___ plasma potassium.
A. increases/decreases
B. decreases/increases
C. increases/increases
52) Which of the following ions is needed for the synthesis of ATP?
A. K+
B. Na+
C. Ca++
D. ClE. Phosphate
53) Which of the following ions is the most important contributor to resting membrane
potential?
A. K+
B. Na+
C. Ca++
D. ClE. Phosphate
54) Calcium is involved in ____.
A. initiating muscle contraction
B. signal transduction as a second messenger
C. initiating the release of neurotransmitters
D. all of the above activities
55) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ____.
A. increases blood calcium concentration B. decreases blood calcium concentration
C. increases blood phosphate concentration
D. decreases blood potassium
concentration
56) The primary effect of calcitrol is to _____.
A. cause redistribution of calcium from bones to the blood
B. cause redistribution of calcium from the blood to bones
C. enhance intestinal absorption of calcium from food
57) When blood pH increases, ___.
A. the blood becomes more basic
B. the blood becomes more acidic
58) The major buffer systems in human body include all of the following except ____.
A. bicarbonate buffer
B. phosphate buffer
C. protein buffer
D. Tris buffer
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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
59) Which of the following organs are not directly involved in acid base balance?
A. kidney
B. liver
C. lungs
60) Which mechanism can remove proton out of the body?
A. chemical buffers B. respiration
C. kidneys
D. all of A, B, and C
61) Normal blood pH is ~ ___.
A. 7.0
B. 7.2
C. 7.4
D. 7.6
62) Respiratory acidosis can be caused most likely by ___.
A. emphysema B. diabetes mellitus
C. chronic vomiting
63) Metabolic acidosis can be caused most likely by ___.
A. emphysema B. diabetes mellitus
C. chronic vomiting
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Exam 3 – Urinary & Balance
Name:
KEY
1C
11A
21A
31A
41C
51A
61C
2A
12A
22C
32A
42D
52E
62A
3C
13B
23B
33C
43A
53A
63B
4A
14A
24B
34C
44A
54D
5A
15C
25A
35B
45E
55A
6C
16A
26B
36A
46B
56C
7A
17B
27B
37B
47C
57A
7
8B
18D
28C
38A
48B
58D
9B
19B
29D
39B
49B
59B
10A
20B
30A
40B
50A
60C