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Colombia (co)
Colombia1 (2005)
Colombia has established a fund to support Colombia’s biodiversity and protected areas. This fund is
the most important tool to finance in-situ conservation strategy, and supported by a debt for nature
swap through the Tropical Forest Conservation Act at around 10 million dollars and 1.4 millions were
provided by non-governmental organizations, Conservation International, the Nature Conservancy and
WWF. GEF provided 15 million dollars for establishing the Fund.
Colombia2 (2010)
The Fund was created in 2000 in developing a bilateral agreement between the governments of the
Republic of Colombia and the United States in the framework of the Initiative for the Americas. The
Initiative has promoted the reduction of debt and the conclusion of debt for nature swap. Swaps
resources have been channeled through a special account known as Account of the Americas.
Additionally, the Initiative has stimulated the creation of environmental funds in the countries of the
region, many of which are affiliated to the Network of Environmental Funds in Latin America and the
Caribbean RedLAC.
In 2005, the IAvH with the support of the GEF-World Bank Andes create BioTrade Fund, which was
created in response to the Millennium Development Goals, Agenda Colombia 2019, the National
Development Plan and National Strategic Plan Green Markets. The Fund is launched Bio-December 12,
2005 goal to extend credit, factoring and venture capital firms in the country BioTrade (From
www.fondobiocomercio.com). Ecofondo emerged in 1993, is an environmental fund and participatory
democracy, non-profit organization that channels resources from international cooperation for the
environment. Comprised of a total of 152 NGOs, CBOs, research institutions, universities and
government agencies that develop environmental work in Colombia (From www.ecofondo.org.co).
Natural Heritage Fund - Biodiversity and Protected Areas in December 2005 comes as a mixed
foundation, a private who recognizes that conservation is a matter of responsibility between the state
and civil society. Natural Heritage stems from an initiative led by the National Parks Unit, who in his role
as coordinator of the National System of Protected Areas synaptic saw the need to create in the country
have a mechanism to channel and steps forward in terms of promoting sustainability SINAP financial,
and support the conservation of biodiversity, protected areas, and building and strengthening of the
(From www.patrimonionatural.org.co). (Paragraphs taken from advance-DiagnosisBiodiversity Policy
2010).
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Colombia (2005). Second National Report, Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development, 180 pp.
Colombia (2010). Cuarto Informe Nacional ante el Convenio Sobre la Diversidad Biológica, Ministerio del
Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Agosto de 2010, 240 pp.
Colombia
Fondo para la Acción Ambiental y la Niñez (FPAA)3
The Fund for Environmental Action and Childhood (FPAA), with origins in a bilateral agreement signed in
1993 by the governments of the United States and Colombia, administers the Enterprise for the
Americas Initiative in Colombia, a fund capitalized by a debt swap that generated $41.6 million to
finance projects of environmental conservation and child welfare, implemented by non-governmental
and community-based organizations.
On March 30, 2004, a subsidized debt-for-nature swap agreement was signed under the Tropical Forest
Conservation Act by the Governments of the United States and Colombia and by The Nature
Conservancy, World Wide Fund for Nature and Conservation International. In August 2004, FPAA was
appointed Fund Administrator for this Account, which will generate approximately ten million dollars for
forest conservation over 12 years.
Colombia, located at the Northwest extreme of South America, has a surface area of 1,141,748 km² and
an approximate population of 44 million, including more than 100 ethnic groups. Colombia is the fourth
largest country in South America and the second most populous. In this context, the Fund for
Environmental Action and Childhood (FPAA) works as a mechanism to promote development through
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations. The Fund gives priority in
its work to minorities, including indigenous communities, communities of African origin, and to regions
of special interest for natural, economic, and social characteristics. Under exceptional conditions, FPAA
can also support public entities.
FPAA is a mechanism that promotes the participation of diverse sectors of society in a common
objective: sustainable development, managed locally and participatory. FPAA supports projects that
promote a new relationship between humans and the environment, and strengthen the vision and
effectiveness of local environmental administration.
Origins of the Fund
FPAA was established in August 2000 as a non-profit NGO, with origins in the bilateral agreement signed
in 1993 between the Governments of Colombia and the United States (US). This agreement created the
―Enterprise for the Americas Initiative Account‖ in Colombia and generated a flow of economic
resources through a debt reduction agreement. The interest owed on Colombia‘s remaining debt to US
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CFA (2008). Rapid Review of Conservation Trust Funds, Second Edition, prepared by Barry Spergel and Philippe
Taïeb, Conservation Finance Alliance, Working Group on Environmental Funds, May 2008
Agency for International Development (USAID) ($ 279 million) was re-directed to capitalize a fund with
$41.6 million in ten years. The EAI Account had been administered by Ecofondo, a nonprofit
environmental foundation, since 1993.
However, the first applications for funding did not begin until 1996. In 1997, difficulties in the
implementation of projects resulted in the suspension of activities until the program was reactivated
with the establishment of FPAA in 2000. FPAA administers the EAI resources with the objective of cofinancing projects intended to preserve, protect, or manage Colombia‘s natural resources, and at the
same time, promote child survival and development.
On March 30, 2004, a subsidized debt-for-nature swap was signed under the Tropical Forest
Conservation Act (TFCA) by the Governments of the US and Colombia and by participating NGOs: The
Nature Conservancy (TNC), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and Conservation International (CI). The
US Government provided seven million dollars; TNC, CI and WWF contributed a total of $1.4 million. The
agreement was declared effective on September 7, 2004 and will generate approximately ten million
dollars for forest conservation over 12 years.
The TFCA provides direct funding for conservation and sustainable development activities (50 percent)
and an endowment fund (50 percent) for public and private PAs, buffer zones and corridors. Funds are
channeled to NGOs and community-based organizations with experience and previous work in the
targeted areas, with the purpose of increasing connectivity and ecological integrity of tropical forests in
Colombia.
Structure and Operations of the Fund
The Directive Council, the highest decision-making body of the FPAA, is responsible for the
administration, direction and control of the FPAA, as well as of the EAI Account. The Council authorizes
procurement of the necessary technical, administrative, financial and operative services for appropriate
administration of the EAI Account. The current Council is composed of eight members: a representative
of USAID; the Director of the National Planning Department and the Minister of the Environment,
representing the Colombian Government; and five representatives of civil society from the following
sectors: academic and scientific organizations, environmental and child development NGOs, and
community development organizations.
The Council implements its policies and decisions through an Executive Secretary, who is appointed by
the Council and serves as its authorized representative. The Executive Secretariat is staffed by 21
persons including three area directors (technical, financial and administrative, and legal), four
environmental specialists, two childcare and development specialists, two monitoring and evaluation
specialists and nine financial, information, legal, accounting and administrative support personnel.
Amezquita and Company–PKF is the external auditor.
Financial management is the responsibility of a financial commission with three members: the USAID
representative, the Planning Department representative and the Executive Secretary.
Project monitoring, technical auditing and institutional development of implementing organizations are
outsourced to specialized technical support units and lately, carried out directly by the Executive
Secretariat.
Historically, FPAA has made grants through open calls for proposals in which the applicants receive
continuous feedback and assistance. Starting in 2002, FPAA‘s Council adopted a new policy for strategic
partnerships with two main objectives: (1) To leverage funds from partners and conduct joint and
focused calls for proposals; and (2) To build on the technical strengths of partner organizations and
become a ―learning organization.‖ The Executive Secretariat also took charge of project appraisal,
formerly contracted to the technical units.
TFCA Oversight Committee
FPAA‘s Directive Council agreed to the creation of a separate oversight committee for the TFCA debt
swap account. This committee has five members and is composed of representatives from the US
Government (USAID), the Government of Colombia (Ministry of the Environment, Special Administrative
Unit of the National Natural Parks System - UAESPNN), and the three international NGOs (TNC, WWF
and CI) which contributed to the TFCA debt swap account.
Activities supported
Americas Initiative Account
On October 2006, the EAI Account was divided into a sinking fund and an endowment fund. Depletion of
the sinking fund is expected to take place by 2011. This fund is used to provide grants to projects in the
conservation and sustainable development component and in the childhood development and
protection component. The projects are screened and selected through requests for proposals (RfPs)
carried out directly by FPAA or jointly by FPAA and its partners. The sinking fund is also used to pay for
capacity building of NGOs and CBOs, and for FPAA‘s operational costs (including staff salaries and fees
for external auditors and fiscal agents).
FPAA‘s Board also decided to use the EAI endowment fund with the purpose of attracting new donors
and establishing dedicated sub-accounts for specific purposes. The objective is to substantially increase
the fund‘s size and to consolidate it as a long-term financing mechanism.
Earnings will be used to fund programs in priority areas, cover operational and capacity building costs,
and provide capitalization.
Between 2001 and 2007, FPAA approved 650 projects, supported by $35.8 million in EAI funds and
counterpart matching funding of $33.6 million from strategic partners and grant beneficiaries.
Forest Conservation Agreement Account
The first grant allocated by the Oversight Committee of the FCA Account was given to the UAESPNN. The
grant funded a project that provided critical technical inputs for the sustainable management, land
planning and conservation of the Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca PA and its buffer zone, the Biosphere
Reserve and Ramsar site of Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, in the priority forest area of the Caribbean
corridor.
For the first grantmaking phase (2004-2008), the Oversight Committee dedicated $2.9 million for the
forest areas of El Tuparro Biosphere Reserve, the Yariguíes National Park and PA and the Oak Forest
Conservation Corridor.
While FPAA issues RfPs, the period to receive project profiles is considered a ―permanent window.‖
On November 2005, FPAA opened an RFP for El Tuparro and Yariguíes. The RFP for the Oak Forest
Corridor was launched in September 2006. These were publicized widely using national and local
newspapers, local and regional radio stations, mailings to NGOs and CBOs, Web site advertisements and
onsite meetings with local organizations.
To date, $1.47 million has been granted to four projects, including the special project in the Caribbean
corridor; implementing agencies have committed counterpart funding for $1.07 million, for an
aggregate investment of $2.54 million.
The criteria for project selection are provided in detail in the website: www.accionambiental.org.
Fund Administration
Americas Initiative Account
The Directive Council and Executive Secretariat monitor performance of the three financial agents in
charge of the EAI Account portfolio.
EAI Fund/Trustee
USD millions
% total
EAI Endowment
$23.7
61.6%
Fiducolombia
$11.9
Valores Bancolombia
$11.8
EAI Sinking
$14.8
HSBC
$14.8
TOTAL
$38.5
38.4%
100%
* December 31, 2007
The portfolio is managed according to a set of investment policies approved by the Directive Council. 24
percent of the EAI endowment fund is in US dollars and covered by a specific investment policy.
The EAI sinking fund is invested in holdings issued or guaranteed by the Colombian Central Bank or
publicly traded stocks of industrial and commercial companies, banks, financial corporations or public
debt or commercial bonds with AAA, AA+ or equivalent rating.
Forest Conservation Agreement Account
The Oversight Committee and FPAA‘s Executive Secretariat monitor performance of HSBC, the financial
agent in charge of the TFCA account portfolio.
TFCA Fund
USD millions
% total
TFCA Endowment
$3.4
59.6%
TFCA Sinking
$1.7
29.8%
TFCA Reserve
$0.6
10.5%
TOTAL
$5.7
100.0%
The portfolio is managed according to the same investment policy that is applied to the EAI sinking fund.
The TFCA endowment fund is in US dollars.
Contact Information
Fondo para la Acción Ambiental y la Niñez (FPAA)
José Luis Gómez Rodríguez, Executive Secretary
Carrera 7 No. 32-33 Of. 2703, Bogotá, Colombia.
Tel: +571 285 3862; 400 7168; 400 7169
E-mail: joselgomez@ accionambiental.org
www.accionambiental.org
Colombia Fondo Conservación Áreas Protegidas
Colombian National Protected Areas Conservation Trust Fund
Alberto Gallan, Executive Director
e-mail: [email protected]
Year: 2006
Donor: World Bank-GEF
Colombia
Corporación ECOFONDO
Rafael Colmenares, General Secretary
Calle 82, No. 19-26
Bogotá, Colombia
Tel: +57 1 691 3452 63 74
Fax: +57 1 256 24 24
e-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]
http://www.ecofondo.org.co
Year: 1993
Donors: Canada, Netherlands
Colombia Fondo para la Acción Ambiental y la Niňez (FPAA)
Fund for Environmental Action and Childhood
José Luis Gómez Rodríguez,
Executive Secretary
Carrera 7 No. 32-33 Of. 2703
Bogotá
Colombia
Tel: +571 285 3862
e-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]
http://www.accionambiental.org
Year: 2000
Donors: Colombia-US (EAI debt swap), Colombia-US, CI, TNC, WWF (TFCA debt swap)
BioTrade Fund; Ecofondo; Natural Heritage Fund; Fund under the Initiative for the Americas
FINAGRO4 Fondo para el Financiamiento del Sector Agropecuario
"Furthermore, new institutional
reforms have reduced contributions to the environmental sector from the National Mineral Royalties
Fund: this funding is being given, instead, to basic hygiene, health and education, which are the
priorities of the current government.
Some research institutes are financed with resources from the Bank of Investment Projects of the Fund
for Environmental Investment (FONAM), entities like COLCIENCIAS, agreements with Autonomous
Regional Corporations and national and international entities: financing also comes from scientific
convocations.
Other mechanisms of financing are international cooperation and national funds, like the Initiative for
the Americas and the National Compensations Fund of the Autonomous Regional Corporations, among
others.
Actualmente se adelanta la gestión para la conformación del Fondo de Conservación de áreas
protegidas, como una de las estrategias que aporta a la financiación del Sistema Nacional de Áreas
Protegidas SINAP en el país. Se tiene un proyecto aprobado con el Fondo GEF para la consolidación del
Fondo como tal y para iniciar las actividades.
Sources:
Corporación ECOFONDO was established with support from EAI and CIDA.
National Environmental Fund was established with support from IDB
Environmental Fund for the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta was supported by GEF
Source: UNDP"
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UNFCCC report